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Journal articleFallon SJ, Hampshire A, Barker RA, et al., 2016,
Learning to be inflexible: Enhanced attentional biases in Parkinson's disease.
, Cortex, Vol: 82, Pages: 24-34Impaired attentional flexibility is considered to be one of the core cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the mechanisms that underlie this impairment are contested. Progress in resolving this dispute has also been hindered by the fact that cognitive deficits in PD are heterogeneous; therefore, it is unclear whether attentional impairments are only present in a subgroup of patients. Here, we demonstrate that what differentiates PD patients from age-matched controls is an inability to shift attention away from previously relevant information (perseveration) and an inability to shift attention towards previously irrelevant information (learned irrelevance). In contrast, there was no evidence that PD patients, compared to controls, were impaired in being able to appropriately attend to, or ignore, novel information. Furthermore, when patients were stratified according to their level of executive impairment, the executively impaired group showed a selective deficit in set formation compared to the unimpaired group, a behavioural pattern reminiscent of cortical dopamine depletion. Cumulatively, these results suggest that cognitive inflexibility in PD relates to a specific form of attentional dysfunction, in which learned attentional biases cannot be overcome.
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Conference paperDe Simoni S, Kochaj R, Jenkins P, et al., 2016,
Changes in cerebral blood flow and their relationship to cognition following traumatic brain injury
, International Brain Injury Association’s Eleventh World Congress on Brain Injury, Publisher: Taylor & Francis, Pages: 605-605, ISSN: 1362-301X -
Conference paperMirzaei N, de Burgh R, Sharp D, et al., 2016,
Evaluation of [3H]PBR28 as a marker of microglial activation in the rat controlled cortical impact model of traumatic brain injury
, International Brain Injury Association’s Eleventh World Congress on Brain Injury, Publisher: Taylor & Francis, Pages: 608-608, ISSN: 1362-301X -
Conference paperSharp D, Hellyer P, Ghanjari M, 2016,
The distribution of neuropathology seen in chronic traumatic encephalopathy can be predicted by finite element modelling of impact biomechanics and can be observed in human neuroimaging data
, International Brain Injury Association’s Eleventh World Congress on Brain Injury, Publisher: Taylor & Francis, Pages: 662-662, ISSN: 1362-301X -
Conference paperScott G, Gunn RN, Matthews PM, et al., 2016,
Minocycline reduces microglial activation after traumatic brain injury measured using [11C]-PBR28 positron emission tomography
, International Brain Injury Association’s Eleventh World Congress on Brain Injury, Publisher: Taylor & Francis, Pages: 686-687, ISSN: 1362-301X -
Conference paperZimmerman K, Scott G, Violante I, et al., 2016,
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the thalamus in chronic traumatic brain injury
, International Brain Injury Association’s Eleventh World Congress on Brain Injury, Publisher: Taylor &; Francis, Pages: 660-661, ISSN: 1362-301X -
Conference paperJenkins P, De Simoni S, Fleminger J, et al., 2016,
Disruption to the dopaminergic system following traumatic brain injury
, International Brain Injury Association’s Eleventh World Congress on Brain Injury, Publisher: Taylor & Francis, Pages: 670-670, ISSN: 1362-301X -
Conference paperJolly AE, De Simoni S, Cole JH, et al., 2016,
Identifying cognitive impairment in TBI: A novel multivariate approach
, International Brain Injury Association’s Eleventh World Congress on Brain Injury, Publisher: Taylor & Francis, Pages: 518-518, ISSN: 1362-301X -
Journal articleMontaldo P, Oliveira V, Lally PJ, et al., 2016,
Therapeutic hypothermia in neonatal cervical spine injury
, Archives of Disease in Childhood: Fetal & Neonatal Edition, Vol: 101, Pages: F468-F468, ISSN: 1468-2052 -
Journal articleDinov M, Lorenz R, Scott G, et al., 2016,
Novel modeling of task versus rest brain state predictability using a dynamic time warping spectrum: comparisons and contrasts with other standard measures of brain dynamics
, Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience, Vol: 10, ISSN: 1662-5188Dynamic time warping, or DTW, is a powerful and domain-general sequence alignment method for computing a similarity measure. Such dynamic programming-based techniques like DTW are now the backbone and driver of most bioinformatics methods and discoveries. In neuroscience it has had far less use, though this has begun to change. We wanted to explore new ways of applying DTW, not simply as a measure with which to cluster or compare similarity between features but in a conceptually different way. We have used DTW to provide a more interpretable spectral description of the data, compared to standard approaches such as the Fourier and related transforms. The DTW approach and standard discrete Fourier transform (DFT) are assessed against benchmark measures of neural dynamics. These include EEG microstates, EEG avalanches and the sum squared error (SSE) from a multilayer perceptron (MLP) prediction of the EEG timeseries, and simultaneously acquired FMRI BOLD signal. We explored the relationships between these variables of interest in an EEG-FMRI dataset acquired during a standard cognitive task, which allowed us to explore how DTW differentially performs in different task settings. We found that despite strong correlations between DTW and DFT-spectra, DTW was a better predictor for almost every measure of brain dynamics. Using these DTW measures, we show that predictability is almost always higher in task than in rest states, which is consistent to other theoretical and empirical findings, providing additional evidence for the utility of the DTW approach.
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