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  • Journal article
    Heymsfield SB, Avena NM, Baier L, Brantley P, Bray GA, Burnett LC, Butler MG, Driscoll DJ, Egli D, Elmquist J, Forster JL, Goldstone AP, Gourash LM, Greenway FL, Han JC, Kane JG, Leibel RL, Loos RJF, Scheimann AO, Roth CL, Seeley RJ, Sheffield V, Tauber M, Vaisse C, Wang L, Waterland RA, Wevrick R, Yanovski JA, Zinn ARet al., 2014,

    Hyperphagia: Current Concepts and Future Directions Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Hyperphagia

    , OBESITY, Vol: 22, Pages: S1-S17, ISSN: 1930-7381
  • Journal article
    Ham TE, Bonnelle V, Hellyer P, Jilka S, Robertson IH, Leech R, Sharp DJet al., 2014,

    The neural basis of impaired self-awareness after traumatic brain injury

    , BRAIN, Vol: 137, Pages: 586-597, ISSN: 0006-8950
  • Journal article
    Hellyer PJ, Shanahan MP, Scott G, Wise RJS, Sharp DJ, Leech Ret al., 2014,

    The control of global brain dynamics: opposing actions of frontoparietal control and default mode networks on attention

    , Journal of Neuroscience, Vol: 34, Pages: 451-461, ISSN: 1529-2401

    Understanding how dynamic changes in brain activity control behavior is a major challenge of cognitive neuroscience. Here, we consider the brain as a complex dynamic system and define two measures of brain dynamics: the synchrony of brain activity, measured by the spatial coherence of the BOLD signal across regions of the brain; and metastability, which we define as the extent to which synchrony varies over time. We investigate the relationship among brain network activity, metastability, and cognitive state in humans, testing the hypothesis that global metastability is “tuned” by network interactions. We study the following two conditions: (1) an attentionally demanding choice reaction time task (CRT); and (2) an unconstrained “rest” state. Functional MRI demonstrated increased synchrony, and decreased metastability was associated with increased activity within the frontoparietal control/dorsal attention network (FPCN/DAN) activity and decreased default mode network (DMN) activity during the CRT compared with rest. Using a computational model of neural dynamics that is constrained by white matter structure to test whether simulated changes in FPCN/DAN and DMN activity produce similar effects, we demonstate that activation of the FPCN/DAN increases global synchrony and decreases metastability. DMN activation had the opposite effects. These results suggest that the balance of activity in the FPCN/DAN and DMN might control global metastability, providing a mechanistic explanation of how attentional state is shifted between an unfocused/exploratory mode characterized by high metastability, and a focused/constrained mode characterized by low metastability.
  • Journal article
    Li LM, Menon DK, Janowitz T, 2014,

    Cross-Sectional Analysis of Data from the U.S. Clinical Trials Database Reveals Poor Translational Clinical Trial Effort for Traumatic Brain Injury, Compared with Stroke

    , PLoS ONE, Vol: 9, Pages: e84336-e84336
  • Journal article
    Cutfield NJ, Scott G, Waldman AD, Sharp DJ, Bronstein AMet al., 2014,

    Visual and proprioceptive interaction in patients with bilateral vestibular loss

    , NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL, Vol: 4, Pages: 274-282, ISSN: 2213-1582

    Following bilateral vestibular loss (BVL) patients gradually adapt to the loss of vestibular input and rely more on other sensory inputs. Here we examine changes in the way proprioceptive and visual inputs interact. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate visual responses in the context of varying levels of proprioceptive input in 12 BVL subjects and 15 normal controls. A novel metal-free vibrator was developed to allow vibrotactile neck proprioceptive input to be delivered in the MRI system. A high level (100 Hz) and low level (30 Hz) control stimulus was applied over the left splenius capitis; only the high frequency stimulus generates a significant proprioceptive stimulus. The neck stimulus was applied in combination with static and moving (optokinetic) visual stimuli, in a factorial fMRI experimental design. We found that high level neck proprioceptive input had more cortical effect on brain activity in the BVL patients. This included a reduction in visual motion responses during high levels of proprioceptive input and differential activation in the midline cerebellum. In early visual cortical areas, the effect of high proprioceptive input was present for both visual conditions but in lateral visual areas, including V5/MT, the effect was only seen in the context of visual motion stimulation. The finding of a cortical visuo-proprioceptive interaction in BVL patients is consistent with behavioural data indicating that, in BVL patients, neck afferents partly replace vestibular input during the CNS-mediated compensatory process. An fMRI cervico-visual interaction may thus substitute the known visuo-vestibular interaction reported in normal subject fMRI studies. The results provide evidence for a cortical mechanism of adaptation to vestibular failure, in the form of an enhanced proprioceptive influence on visual processing. The results may provide the basis for a cortical mechanism involved in proprioceptive substitution of vestibular func
  • Journal article
    Leech R, Sharp DJ, 2014,

    The role of the posterior cingulate cortex in cognition and disease

    , BRAIN, Vol: 137, Pages: 12-32, ISSN: 0006-8950
  • Journal article
    Cramer H, Vijayan R, Scott G, Brownlie Wet al., 2014,

    Out of sight, but not out of mind? Greater reported pain in patients who spontaneously look away during venepuncture

    , Deutsche Zeitschrift fur Akupunktur, Vol: 57, Pages: 32-33, ISSN: 0415-6412
  • Journal article
    Hoppitt L, Illingworth JL, MacLeod C, Hampshire A, Dunn BD, Mackintosh Bet al., 2014,

    Modifying social anxiety related to a real-life stressor using online Cognitive Bias Modification for interpretation

    , Behaviour Research and Therapy, Vol: 52, Pages: 45-52, ISSN: 0005-7967
  • Journal article
    Scott G, Presswood EJ, Makubate B, Cross Fet al., 2013,

    Lung sounds: how doctors draw crackles and wheeze

    , POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 89, Pages: 693-697, ISSN: 0032-5473
  • Journal article
    Deligianni F, Varoquaux G, Thirion B, Sharp DJ, Ledig C, Leech R, Rueckert Det al., 2013,

    A Framework for Inter-Subject Prediction of Functional Connectivity From Structural Networks

    , IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING, Vol: 32, Pages: 2200-2214, ISSN: 0278-0062

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