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  • Journal article
    Grant JE, Odlaug BL, Hampshire A, Schreiber LR, Chamberlain SRet al., 2013,

    White matter abnormalities in skin picking disorder: a diffusion tensor imaging study

    , Neuropsychopharmacology, Vol: 38, Pages: 763-769, ISSN: 1740-634X

    Skin picking disorder (SPD) is characterized by the repetitive and compulsive picking of skin, resulting in tissue damage. Neurocognitive findings in SPD implicate difficulty with response inhibition (suppression of pre-potent motor responses). This function is dependent on the integrity of the right frontal gyrus and the anterior cingulate cortices, and white-matter tracts connecting such neural nodes. It was hypothesized that SPD would be associated with reduced fractional anisotropy in regions implicated in top-down response suppression, particularly white-matter tracts in proximity of the bilateral anterior cingulate and right frontal (especially orbitofrontal and inferior frontal) cortices. 13-subjects meeting proposed SPD criteria for DSM-5 free from other current psychiatric comorbidities, and 12 healthy comparison subjects underwent MRI with a 3-T system. Between-group comparisons of imaging data underwent voxelwise analysis with permutation modeling and cluster correction. Fractional anisotropy (measured using diffusion tensor imaging) was the primary outcome measure. Subjects with SPD exhibited significantly reduced fractional anisotropy in tracts distributed bilaterally, which included the anterior cingulate cortices. Fractional anisotropy did not correlate significantly with SPD disease severity, or depressive or anxiety scores. These findings implicate disorganization of white-matter tracts involved in motor generation and suppression in the pathophysiology of SPD, findings remarkably similar to those previously reported in trichotillomania. This study adds considerable support to the notion that-in addition to the phenomenological and comorbid overlap between SPD and trichotillomania-these disorders likely share overlapping neurobiology.
  • Journal article
    Wilson MH, Davagnanam I, Holland G, Dattani RS, Tamm A, Hirani SP, Kolfschoten N, Strycharczuk L, Green C, Thornton JS, otherset al., 2013,

    Cerebral venous system and anatomical predisposition to high-altitude headache

    , Annals of neurology, Vol: 73, Pages: 381-389
  • Journal article
    Fallon SJ, Williams-Gray CH, Barker RA, Owen AM, Hampshire Aet al., 2013,

    Prefrontal dopamine levels determine the balance between cognitive stability and flexibility

    , Cereb Cortex, Vol: 23, Pages: 361-369, ISSN: 1460-2199

    A key mechanism by which the prefrontal cortex (PFC) supports goal-oriented behaviors is attentional set formation: the formation and maintenance of an attentional bias toward relevant features. It has previously been proposed that a common single nucleotide polymorphism (val158met) in the gene that codes for the catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) enzyme may affect an individual's ability to form and maintain an attentional set by modulating PFC dopamine (DA) levels. Here, we present data from a functional magnetic resonance imaging study that investigated the effect of this polymorphism on the tendency for older adults to display set-like behavior, and we compare these results to preexisting data from Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients. Our results demonstrate that putatively different levels of PFC DA predict both attentional set formation and right dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC) activation. More specifically, while for PD patients, val homozygotes showed heightened DLPFC activation and increased set-like behavior, for healthy older adults, the opposite pattern of results was observed. This interaction between COMT genotype and PD accords well with previous studies that have shown an excess of DA in the PFC in early PD patients and, furthermore, supports the hypothesis that there is an inverted-U shaped functional relationship between PFC DA levels and attentional set formation.
  • Journal article
    Grant JE, Odlaug BL, Chamberlain SR, Hampshire A, Schreiber L, Won Kim Set al., 2013,

    A Proof of Concept Study of Tolcapone for Pathological Gambling: Relationships with COMT Genotype and Brain Activation

    , European Neuropsychopharmacology
  • Journal article
    Scott G, Presswood E, 2012,

    Case report of E.T.--the extra-terrestrial.

    , BMJ, Vol: 345
  • Journal article
    Scott G, Presswood E, 2012,

    CHRISTMAS 2012: TOMORROW'S WORLD Case report of E.T.-The Extra-Terrestrial

    , BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 345, ISSN: 1756-1833
  • Journal article
    Goldstone AP, Holland AJ, Butler JV, Whittington JEet al., 2012,

    Appetite hormones and the transition to hyperphagia in children with Prader-Willi syndrome

    , INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY, Vol: 36, Pages: 1564-1570, ISSN: 0307-0565
  • Journal article
    Ham TE, Sharp DJ, 2012,

    How can investigation of network function inform rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury?

    , CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROLOGY, Vol: 25, Pages: 662-669, ISSN: 1350-7540
  • Conference paper
    Deligianni F, Varoquaux G, Thirion B, Robinson E, Sharp DJ, Edwards AD, Rueckert Det al., 2012,

    Relating brain functional connectivity to anatomical connections: Model selection

    , Pages: 178-185, ISSN: 0302-9743

    We aim to learn across several subjects a mapping from brain anatomical connectivity to functional connectivity. Following [1], we formulate this problem as estimating a multivariate autoregressive (MAR) model with sparse linear regression. We introduce a model selection framework based on cross-validation. We select the appropriate sparsity of the connectivity matrices and demonstrate that choosing an ordering for the MAR that lends to sparser models is more appropriate than a random. Finally, we suggest randomized Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selective Operator (LASSO) in order to identify relevant anatomo-functional links with better recovery of ground truth. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.
  • Book chapter
    Li LM, Guilfoyle MR, Hutchinson PJA, 2012,

    Prediction of outcome and prognosis after head injury

    , Practical management of head and neck injury, Editors: Rosenfeld, ISBN: 978-0729539562

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