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Journal articleBarkan-Ozturk H, Menner A, Bismarck A, et al., 2022,
Simultaneous hypercrosslinking and functionalization of polyHIPEs for use as coarse powder catalyst supports
, CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE, Vol: 264, ISSN: 0009-2509 -
Journal articleSchmeller DS, Urbach D, Bates K, et al., 2022,
Scientists' warning of threats to mountains br
, SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, Vol: 853, ISSN: 0048-9697 -
Journal articleJiang Q, Horozov T, Bismarck A, 2022,
One-pot approach to fabrication of porous polymers from Pickering emulsion templates
, Polymer, Vol: 261, ISSN: 0032-3861We demonstrate a simple, versatile one-pot approach for the preparation of particle stabilised soft templates and macroporous polymer materials from them. This approach allows for the rapid fabrication (in a few minutes rather than hours) of large amounts of Pickering emulsion templates by performing the synthesis of mineral nanoparticle stabilisers (e.g. CaCO3) and the emulsification in-one-go in a very efficient way. It is shown that by using suitable formulations a variety of emulsion templates with a range of monomers can be fabricated and solidified to produce macroporous materials with closed-cell, open-cell or hierarchical pore architectures. Due to its versatility and scalability, this approach could be potentially used for the production of macroporous materials for research and diverse industrial applications.
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Journal articleGeorge PM, Reed A, Desai SR, et al., 2022,
A persistent neutrophil-associated immune signature characterizes post-COVID-19 pulmonary sequelae.
, Sci Transl Med, Vol: 14Interstitial lung disease and associated fibrosis occur in a proportion of individuals who have recovered from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection through unknown mechanisms. We studied individuals with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) after recovery from acute illness. Individuals with evidence of interstitial lung changes at 3 to 6 months after recovery had an up-regulated neutrophil-associated immune signature including increased chemokines, proteases, and markers of neutrophil extracellular traps that were detectable in the blood. Similar pathways were enriched in the upper airway with a concomitant increase in antiviral type I interferon signaling. Interaction analysis of the peripheral phosphoproteome identified enriched kinases critical for neutrophil inflammatory pathways. Evaluation of these individuals at 12 months after recovery indicated that a subset of the individuals had not yet achieved full normalization of radiological and functional changes. These data provide insight into mechanisms driving development of pulmonary sequelae during and after COVID-19 and provide a rational basis for development of targeted approaches to prevent long-term complications.
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Journal articleJones MP, Murali GG, Laurin F, et al., 2022,
Functional flexibility: The potential of morphing composites
, Composites Science and Technology, Vol: 230, ISSN: 0266-3538From plants tracking the sun to the aerodynamics of bird wings, shape change is key to the performance of natural structures. After years of reliance on mechanical joints, human engineering now focuses on improving aerodynamic efficiency through smooth, full form changes in material geometry, achieved using technologies such as morphing composites. Promising improved power generation and efficiency in wind turbines and safer more sustainable aircraft and cars, these materials can achieve both large geometric changes with low energy requirements by cycling between several stable physical states and more gradual changes in geometry by exploiting coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch and structural anisotropy, shape memory polymers and 4D printing. The merits and limitations of these various shape change systems are the subject of extensive and ongoing academic research and both commercial and defence industry trials to improve the viability of these technologies for widespread adoption. Shape change capabilities are often associated with problems in material cost, mass, mechanical properties, manufacturability, and energy requirements. Nonetheless, the considerable and rapid advances in this technology, already resulting in successful trials in advanced civilian and military aircraft and high-performance cars, indicate that future research and development of this materials platform could revolutionise many of our most critical power generation, defence and transport systems.
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Journal articleBarkan-Öztürk H, Delorme J, Menner A, et al., 2022,
Liquid-liquid extraction using combined hydrophilic-hydrophobic emulsion templated macroporous polymer micromixer-settlers
, Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification, Vol: 181, ISSN: 0255-2701Continuous liquid-liquid extraction and separation of 4-aminoacetophenone, a product of the hydrogenation of 4-nitroacetophenone, was performed within emulsion templated macroporous polymer (polyHIPE) extraction units combined with a miniaturized gravity-based settler. PolyHIPEs with interconnected and tailorable macroporous structures are effective micromixers allowing to mix fluids in both axial and radial directions. We fabricated extraction units by combining hydrophilic and hydrophobic polyHIPEs, which improved the extraction efficiency by inverting the liquid/liquid dispersion type from oil/water to water/oil (or vice versa) during the extraction. The dispersion type is governed by the wettability of the porous medium. The extraction efficiency of our combined polyHIPE micromixer reached 98%, while that of control experiments performed using a blank tube or commercial Kenics® static mixer was 78%. The overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient kLa in polyHIPE micromixer-settlers was significantly higher 0.011 s−1 reaching interfacial areas a of 17900 m2/m3, much larger compared to a blank tube (kLa = 0.0035 s−1 and a = 5700 m2/m3) and static mixer (kLa = 0.0041 s−1 and a = 6800 m2/m3). PolyHIPE micromixer-settlers could be potentially useful to intensify continuous L-L extractions.
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Journal articleStone PW, Hickman K, Holmes S, et al., 2022,
Comparison of COPD primary care in England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland
, NPJ PRIMARY CARE RESPIRATORY MEDICINE, Vol: 32 -
Journal articleShort C, Abkir M, Pinnell S, et al., 2022,
Migration is not the perfect answer: How the cross-talk error correction for multiple breath nitrogen washout (MBWN2) parameters differs on directly collected vs. legacy data
, PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY, ISSN: 8755-6863 -
Journal articleZess EK, Dagdas YF, Peers E, et al., 2022,
Regressive evolution of an effector following a host jump in the Irish potato famine pathogen lineage.
, PLoS Pathog, Vol: 18In order to infect a new host species, the pathogen must evolve to enhance infection and transmission in the novel environment. Although we often think of evolution as a process of accumulation, it is also a process of loss. Here, we document an example of regressive evolution of an effector activity in the Irish potato famine pathogen (Phytophthora infestans) lineage, providing evidence that a key sequence motif in the effector PexRD54 has degenerated following a host jump. We began by looking at PexRD54 and PexRD54-like sequences from across Phytophthora species. We found that PexRD54 emerged in the common ancestor of Phytophthora clade 1b and 1c species, and further sequence analysis showed that a key functional motif, the C-terminal ATG8-interacting motif (AIM), was also acquired at this point in the lineage. A closer analysis showed that the P. mirabilis PexRD54 (PmPexRD54) AIM is atypical, the otherwise-conserved central residue mutated from a glutamate to a lysine. We aimed to determine whether this PmPexRD54 AIM polymorphism represented an adaptation to the Mirabilis jalapa host environment. We began by characterizing the M. jalapa ATG8 family, finding that they have a unique evolutionary history compared to previously characterized ATG8s. Then, using co-immunoprecipitation and isothermal titration calorimetry assays, we showed that both full-length PmPexRD54 and the PmPexRD54 AIM peptide bind weakly to the M. jalapa ATG8s. Through a combination of binding assays and structural modelling, we showed that the identity of the residue at the position of the PmPexRD54 AIM polymorphism can underpin high-affinity binding to plant ATG8s. Finally, we conclude that the functionality of the PexRD54 AIM was lost in the P. mirabilis lineage, perhaps owing to as-yet-unknown selection pressure on this effector in the new host environment.
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Journal articleCase NT, Berman J, Blehert DS, et al., 2022,
The future of fungi: threats and opportunities
, G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS, Vol: 12, ISSN: 2160-1836
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