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  • Conference paper
    Zdravković L, Potts DM, 2010,

    Application of numerical analysis in geotechnical engineering practice

    , Pages: 69-88, ISSN: 0895-0563

    Numerical analysis, in the form of the finite element, finite difference or boundary element method, has become a preferred calculation tool in the design of complex geotechnical structures. Even new codes of practice, such as the European EUROCODE 7, encourage the use of numerical analysis in design. However, as there is no general guidance and agreement in the international community on appropriate numerical solvers, constitutive models and boundary conditions, there are often examples of bad practice in the numerical analysis of geotechnical structures. Through examples of the analyses of real problems, this paper investigates the use of appropriate constitutive models and boundary conditions, to highlight both the successful use and the potential pitfalls of modern numerical analysis. © 2010 ASCE.
  • Conference paper
    Giannopoulos KP, Zdravkovic L, Potts DM, 2010,

    A numerical study on the effects of time on the axial load capacity of piles in soft clays

    , Pages: 595-600

    This paper investigates the axial load capacity of a pre-loaded pile installed in soft clay and subjected to vertical loading. Previous studies on pre-loaded shallow footings have shown that the undrained shear strength of soft clays is enhanced with time due to the dissipation of the excess pore water pressures generated during initial loading, as well as due to the soil ageing, after all pore pressures have dissipated, associated with creep. It remains a question whether the pile load capacity is enhanced with time as well, after the effects of installation have settled. The problem is investigated by means of a series of coupled finite element analyses, thus taking account of consolidation processes in the ground, in which the soil is modelled using an elastic-plastic constitutive model. Subsequently a similar set of coupled analyses is performed, using an elastic-viscoplastic model, to examine the effect of creep on pile capacity. © 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, London.
  • Journal article
    Kusky TM, Ghulam A, Wang L, Liu J, Li Z, Chen Xet al., 2010,

    Focusing seismic energy along faults through time-variable rupture modes: Wenchuan earthquake, China

    , JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCE, Vol: 21, Pages: 910-922, ISSN: 1674-487X
  • Journal article
    Whittaker AC, Attal M, Allen PA, 2010,

    Characterising the origin, nature and fate of sediment exported from catchments perturbed by active tectonics

    , BASIN RES, Vol: 22, Pages: 809-828, ISSN: 0950-091X

    Changes to the tectonic boundary conditions governing erosional dynamics in upland catchments have a significant effect on the nature and magnitude of sediment supply to neighbouring basins. While these links have been explored in detail by numerical models of landscape evolution, there has been relatively little work to quantify the timing, characteristics and locus of sediment release from upland catchments in response to changing tectonic boundary conditions that are well-constrained independently. We address this challenge by quantifying the volume and granulometric characteristics of sediment exported from modern rivers draining across active normal faults in the Central Apennines in Italy. We demonstrate that catchments undergoing a transient response to tectonics are associated with significant volumetric export of material derived primarily from the zone upstream of the fault, producing bi-modal grain-size distributions with elevated D-84 values within the transient reach. This is in direct contrast to the headwaters, where the fluvial capacity to transport sediment is low and the grain-size distribution of material in transit is fine and uni-modal. The grain-size response is driven by landslides feeding coarse material directly into the channel, and we show the amplitude of the signal is modulated by the degree of tectonic perturbation, once the threshold for bedrock landsliding is exceeded. Additionally, we evaluate the length-scale over which this transient grain-size signal propagates downstream into the basin. We show that the coarse-fraction sediment released is retained in the proximal hanging-wall if rates of tectonic subsidence are high and if the axial river system is small or far from the fault-bounded mountain front. Our results therefore provide some of the first quantitative data to evaluate how transient landscape responses affect the locus, magnitude and calibre of sediment supply to basins.
  • Journal article
    Faulkner DR, Jackson C, Lunn RJ, Schlische RW, Shipton ZK, Wibberley CAJ, Withjack MOet al., 2010,

    A review of recent developments concerning the structure, mechanics and fluid flow properties of fault zones

    , Journal of Structural Geology, Vol: 32, Pages: 1557-1575

    Fault zones and fault systems have a key role in the development of the Earth’s crust. They control the mechanics and fluid flow properties of the crust, and the architecture of sedimentary deposits in basins. We review key advances in the study of the structure, mechanics and fluid flow properties of fault zones and fault systems. We emphasize that these three aspects of faults are intimately related and cannot be considered in isolation. For brevity, the review is concentrates on advances made primarily in the past 10 years, and also to fault zones in the brittle continental crust. Finally the paper outlines some key areas for future research in this field.
  • Journal article
    Potts VJ, Zdravkovic L, 2010,

    Finite-element study of arching behaviour in reinforced fills

    , Ground Improvement, Vol: 163, Pages: 217-229, ISSN: 1755-0750
  • Journal article
    Jackson CAL, Grunhagen H, Howell JA, Larsen AL, Andersson A, Boen F, Groth Aet al., 2010,

    3D seismic imaging of lower delta-plain beach ridges: lower Brent Group, northern North Sea

    , Journal of the Geological Society of London, Vol: 167, Pages: 1225-1236

    Three-dimensional seismic reflection data are used to image littoral deposits within the lower Brent Group, northern North Sea. Seismic attribute maps within the unit indicate the development of parallel, high-amplitude stripes up to 15 km in length, 50–100 m wide and spaced 150–200 m apart. In map view these features trend NE–SW to ENE–WSW and are arranged into ‘sets' that display subtly different orientations. Well data in regions where these anomalies are well developed indicate pronounced anomaly-perpendicular thickness variations in sand-rich beach-ridge facies within the Etive Formation and coals and mudstones within the overlying Ness Formation. Based on these observations, the high-amplitude anomalies are interpreted as the seismic expression of coal-filled swales, whereas the adjacent zones of low amplitude are interpreted to represent the cores of sand-rich beach ridges. The geometry of beach ridges identified in the Etive Formation compares favourably with sedimentological and geometric data from modern beach ridges. The results of this study have implications for (1) the stratigraphic context and preservation of beach ridges, (2) datum selection when attempting stratigraphic correlations within the Brent Group, and (3) the exploration and production of hydrocarbons from beach ridge-type reservoirs.
  • Journal article
    Reusser L, Graly J, Bierman P, Rood Det al., 2010,

    Calibrating a long-term meteoric<sup>10</sup>Be accumulation rate in soil

    , Geophysical Research Letters, Vol: 37, Pages: n/a-n/a, ISSN: 0094-8276
  • Journal article
    Morgan GLK, Liu JG, Yan H, 2010,

    Precise Subpixel Disparity Measurement From Very Narrow Baseline Stereo

    , IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING, Vol: 48, Pages: 3424-3433, ISSN: 0196-2892
  • Journal article
    Sookhak Lari K, van Reeuwijk M, Maksimovic C, 2010,

    Simplified Numerical and Analytical Approach for Solutes in Turbulent Flow Reacting with Smooth Pipe Walls

    , J HYDR ENG (ASCE)
  • Journal article
    Behr WM, Rood DH, Fletcher KE, Guzman N, Finkel R, Hanks TC, Hudnut KW, Kendrick KJ, Platt JP, Sharp WD, Weldon RJ, Yule JDet al., 2010,

    Uncertainties in slip-rate estimates for the Mission Creek strand of the southern San Andreas fault at Biskra Palms Oasis, southern California

    , Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, Vol: 122, Pages: 1360-1377, ISSN: 0016-7606

    This study focuses on uncertainties in estimates of the geologic slip rate along the Mission Creek strand of the southern San Andreas fault where it offsets an alluvial fan (T2) at Biskra Palms Oasis in southern California. We provide new estimates of the amount of fault offset of the T2 fan based on trench excavations and new cosmogenic 10Be age determinations from the tops of 12 boulders on the fan surface. We present three alternative fan offset models: a minimum, a maximum, and a preferred offset of 660 m, 980 m, and 770 m, respectively. We assign an age of between 45 and 54 ka to the T2 fan from the 10Be data, which is significantly older than previously reported but is consistent with both the degree of soil development associated with this surface, and with ages from U-series geochronology on pedogenic carbonate from T2, described in a companion paper by Fletcher et al. (this volume). These new constraints suggest a range of slip rates between ~12 and 22 mm/yr with a preferred estimate of ~14-17 mm/yr for the Mission Creek strand of the southern San Andreas fault. Previous studies suggested that the geologic and geodetic slip-rate estimates at Biskra Palms differed. We find, however, that considerable uncertainty affects both the geologic and geodetic slip-rate estimates, such that if a real discrepancy between these rates exists for the southern San Andreas fault at Biskra Palms, it cannot be demonstrated with available data. © 2010 Geological Society of America.
  • Conference paper
    Aldridge TR, Carrington TM, Jardine RJ, Little R, Evans TG, Finnie Iet al., 2010,

    Driven pile design in extremely hard till for BP’s Clair 1 platform

    , 2nd International Symposium on Frontiers in Offshore Geotechnics, Publisher: CRC Press (UK), Pages: 477-482
  • Conference paper
    Foray PY, Tsuha CHC, Silva M, Jardine RJ, Yang ZXet al., 2010,

    Stress paths measured around a cyclically loaded pile in a calibration chamber

    , London, International Conference on Physical Modelling in Geotechnics, Publisher: CRC Press (UK), Pages: 933-939
  • Journal article
    Hu M, O'Sullivan C, Jardine RJ, Jiang MJet al., 2010,

    Stress induced anisotropy in sand under cyclic loading

    , Granular Matter, Pages: 469-476
  • Conference paper
    Evans TG, Finnie I, Little R, Jardine RJ, Aldridge TRet al., 2010,

    BP Clair Phase 1 - Design and assurance of driven piled foundations in extremely hard till

    , 2nd International Symposium on Frontiers in Offshore Geotechnics, Publisher: CRC Press (UK), Pages: 495-500
  • Book chapter
    Stafford PJ, Bommer JJ, 2010,

    Theoretical consistency of common record selection strategies in Performance-based Earthquake Engineering

    , Advances in Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering, Editors: Fardis, Publisher: Springer Verlag, ISBN: 9789048187454
  • Journal article
    Duller RA, Whittaker AC, Fedele JJ, Whitchurch AL, Springett J, Smithells R, Fordyce S, Allen PAet al., 2010,

    From grain size to tectonics

    , JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE, Vol: 115, ISSN: 2169-9003
  • Journal article
    Taggart S, Hampson GJ, Jackson MD, 2010,

    High-resolution stratigraphic architecture and lithological heterogeneity within marginal aeolian reservoir analogues

    , SEDIMENTOLOGY, Vol: 57, Pages: 1246-1279, ISSN: 0037-0746
  • Journal article
    Munday DR, Marshall DP, Piggott MD, 2010,

    Idealised flow past an island in a dynamically adaptive finite element model

    , OCEAN DYNAMICS, Vol: 60, Pages: 835-850, ISSN: 1616-7341
  • Journal article
    Huuse M, Jackson CAL, Van Rensbergen P, Davies RJ, Flemings PB, Dixon RJet al., 2010,

    Subsurface sediment remobilization and fluid flow in sedimentary basins: an overview

    , Basin Research, Vol: 22, Pages: 342-360

    Subsurface sediment remobilization and fluid flow processes and their products are increasingly being recognized as significant dynamic components of sedimentary basins. The geological structures formed by these processes have traditionally been grouped into mud volcano systems, fluid flow pipes and sandstone intrusion complexes. But the boundaries between these groups are not always distinct because there can be similarities in their geometries and the causal geological processes. For instance, the process model for both mud and sand remobilization and injection involves a source of fluid that can be separate from the source of sediment, and diapirism is now largely discarded as a deformation mechanism for both lithologies. Both mud and sand form dykes and sills in the subsurface and extrusive edifices when intersecting the sediment surface, although the relative proportions of intrusive and extrusive components are very different, with mud volcano systems being largely extrusive and sand injectite systems being mainly intrusive. Focused fluid flow pipes may transfer fluids over hundreds of metres of vertical section for millions of years and may develop into mud volcano feeder systems under conditions of sufficiently voluminous and rapid fluid ascent associated with deeper focus points and overpressured aquifers. Both mud and sand remobilization is facilitated by overpressure and generally will be activated by an external trigger such as an earthquake, although some mud volcano systems may be driven by the re-charge dynamics of their fluid source. Future research should aim to provide spatio-temporal 'injectite' stratigraphies to help constrain sediment remobilization processes in their basinal context and identify and study outcrop analogues of mud volcano feeders and pipes, which are virtually unknown at present. Further data-driven research would be significantly boosted by numerical and analogue process modelling to constrain the mechanics of deep subsurface s

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