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  • Conference paper
    BOAM AT, LEAK DJ, LIVINGSTON AG, STUCKEY DCet al., 1995,

    A NOVEL MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR FOR CONTINUOUS BIOTRANSFORMATIONS

    , 1st European Conference for Young Researchers in Chemical Engineering - The 1995 IChemE Research Event, Publisher: INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS, Pages: 902-904
  • Conference paper
    Stefanis SK, Livingston AG, Pistikopoulos EN, 1995,

    Minimizing the environmental impact of process Plants: A process systems methodology

    , Pages: 39-44, ISSN: 0098-1354

    A Methodology for Environmental Impact Minimization (MEIM) is presented in this paper. The methodology, which embeds Life Cycle Analysis principles within a process optimization framework, involves proper definition of a consistent boundary around the process of interest, identification of the emissions inventory, quantification of environmental impact via proper metries (for air and water pollution, solid waste, global warming and ozone depletion) and inclusion of environmental criteria within process modelling and optimization tools. A case study, the production of VCM from ethylene, is presented to illustrate the basic features of MEIM. © 1995.
  • Journal article
    Brookes PR, Livingston AG, 1994,

    Erratum: Biotreatment of a point-source industrial wastewater arising in 3,4-dichloroaniline manufacture using an extractive membrane bioreactor (Biotechnology Progress (1994) 10, 1, (86-92))

    , Biotechnology Progress, Vol: 10, ISSN: 8756-7938
  • Journal article
    DOSSANTOS LMF, LIVINGSTON AG, 1994,

    EXTRACTION AND BIODEGRADATION OF A TOXIC VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUND (1,2-DICHLOROETHANE) FROM WASTE-WATER IN A MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR

    , APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY, Vol: 42, Pages: 421-431, ISSN: 0175-7598
  • Journal article
    DOUEK RS, LIVINGSTON AG, JOHANSSON AC, HEWITT GFet al., 1994,

    HYDRODYNAMICS OF AN EXTERNAL-LOOP 3-PHASE AIRLIFT (TPAL) REACTOR

    , CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE, Vol: 49, Pages: 3719-3737, ISSN: 0009-2509
  • Journal article
    BROOKES PR, LIVINGSTON AG, 1994,

    BIOLOGICAL DETOXIFICATION OF A 3-CHLORONITROBENZENE MANUFACTURE WASTE-WATER IN AN EXTRACTIVE MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR

    , WATER RESEARCH, Vol: 28, Pages: 1347-1354, ISSN: 0043-1354
  • Journal article
    LIVINGSTON AG, 1994,

    EXTRACTIVE MEMBRANE BIOREACTORS - A NEW PROCESS TECHNOLOGY FOR DETOXIFYING CHEMICAL-INDUSTRY WASTEWATERS

    , JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY, Vol: 60, Pages: 117-124, ISSN: 0268-2575
  • Conference paper
    GIKAS P, LIVINGSTON AG, 1994,

    SPECIFIC ATP CONCENTRATIONS IN FREELY SUSPENDED AND IMMOBILIZED CELLS DEGRADING 3,4-DICHLOROANILINE

    , 6th European Congress on Biotechnology (ECB6), Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V, Pages: 489-492, ISSN: 0921-0423
  • Journal article
    BROOKES PR, LIVINGSTON AG, 1994,

    BIOTREATMENT OF A POINT-SOURCE INDUSTRIAL WASTE-WATER ARISING IN 3,4-DICHLOROANILINE MANUFACTURE USING AN EXTRACTIVE MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR

    , BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS, Vol: 10, Pages: 65-75, ISSN: 8756-7938
  • Conference paper
    DOUEK RS, LIVINGSTON AG, 1994,

    HYDRODYNAMIC BEHAVIOUR OF AN EXTERNAL-LOOP 3 PHASE AIR-LIFT REACTOR

    , 1994 IChemE Research Event Symposium, Publisher: INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS, Pages: 1075-1077
  • Conference paper
    GIKAS P, LIVINGSTON AG, 1994,

    DETERMINATION OF BIOMASS VIABILITY BASED ON ATP AND OXYGEN-UPTAKE MEASUREMENTS

    , 2nd International Symposium on Environmental Biotechnology (ISEB 2), Publisher: INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS, Pages: 95-97
  • Conference paper
    BROOKES PR, LIVINGSTON AG, 1994,

    DETOXIFICATION OF POINT-SOURCE INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATERS USING AN EXTRACTIVE MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR-MEMBRANE MASS-TRANSFER

    , 2nd International Symposium on Environmental Biotechnology (ISEB 2), Publisher: INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS, Pages: 98-100
  • Conference paper
    DOSSANTOS LMF, LIVINGSTON AG, 1994,

    NOVEL ONLINE, NONDISRUPTIVE TECHNIQUE FOR DETERMINATION OF MEMBRANE ATTACHED BIOFILM THICKNESSES

    , 2nd International Symposium on Environmental Biotechnology (ISEB 2), Publisher: INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS, Pages: 19-21
  • Conference paper
    STEFANIS SK, PAVASANT P, LIVINGSTON AG, PISTIKOPOULOS ENet al., 1994,

    TOWARDS A FORMAL SYSTEMS APPROACH FOR WASTE MINIMIZATION

    , 1994 IChemE Research Event Symposium, Publisher: INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS, Pages: 428-430
  • Journal article
    GIKAS P, LIVINGSTON AG, 1993,

    USE OF ATP TO CHARACTERIZE BIOMASS VIABILITY IN FREELY SUSPENDED AND IMMOBILIZED CELL BIOREACTORS

    , BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING, Vol: 42, Pages: 1337-1351, ISSN: 0006-3592
  • Journal article
    Gikas P, Livingston AG, 1993,

    Use of ATP to characterize biomass viability in freely suspended and immobilized cell bioreactors.

    , Biotechnol Bioeng, Vol: 42, Pages: 1337-1351, ISSN: 0006-3592

    This work describes investigations into the viability of cells growing on 3,4-dichloroaniline (34DCA). Two bioreactors are employed for microbial growth, a continuous stirred tank (CST) bioreactor with a 2-L working volume, and a three-phase air lift (TPAL) bioreactor with a 3-L working volume. Experiments have been performed at several dilution rates between 0.027 and 0.115 h(-1) in the CST bioreactor and between 0.111 and 0.500 h(-1) in the TPAL bioreactor. The specific ATP concentration was calculated at each dilution rate in the suspended biomass in both bioreactors as well as in the immobilized biomass in the TPAL bioreactor. The ATP was extracted from the cells using boiling tris-EDTA buffer (pH 7.75), and the quantity determined using a firefly (bioluminescence) technique. The cultures were inspected under an electron microscope to monitor compositional changes. Results from the CST bioreactor showed that the biomass-specific ATP concentration increases from 0.44 to 1.86 mg ATP g(-1) dry weight (dw) as dilution rate increases from 0.027 to 0.115 h(-1). At this upper dilution rate the cells were washed out. The specific ATP concentration reached a limiting average value of 1.73 mg ATP g(-1) dw, which is assumed to be the quantity of ATP in 100% viable biomass. In the TPAL bioreactor, the ATP level increased with dilution rate in both the immobilized and suspended biomass. The specific ATP concentration in the immobilized biomass increased from approximately 0.051 mg ATP g(-1) dw at dilution rates between 0.111 and 0.200 h(-1) to approximately 0.119 mg ATP g(-1) dw at dilution rates between 0.300 and 0.500 h(-1). This indicates that the immobilized biomass contained a viable cell fraction of around 5%. Based on these results, kinetic data for freely suspended cells should not be applied to the modeling of immobilized cell systems on the assumption that immobilized biomass is 100% viable.
  • Journal article
    DOSSANTOS LMF, LIVINGSTON AG, 1993,

    A NOVEL BIOREACTOR SYSTEM FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS

    , APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY, Vol: 40, Pages: 151-157, ISSN: 0175-7598
  • Journal article
    BROOKES PR, LIVINGSTON AG, 1993,

    POINT-SOURCE DETOXIFICATION OF AN INDUSTRIALLY PRODUCED 3,4-DICHLOROANILINE-MANUFACTURE WASTE-WATER USING A MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR

    , APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY, Vol: 39, Pages: 764-771, ISSN: 0175-7598
  • Conference paper
    DOSSANTOS LMF, LIVINGSTON AG, 1993,

    NOVEL BIOREACTORS FOR DESTRUCTION OF VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS

    , SYMP ON DISTILLATION, Publisher: INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS, Pages: 324-326, ISSN: 0263-8762
  • Journal article
    LIVINGSTON AG, ZHANG SF, 1993,

    HYDRODYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF 3-PHASE (GAS-LIQUID SOLID) AIRLIFT REACTORS

    , CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE, Vol: 48, Pages: 1641-1654, ISSN: 0009-2509

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