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  • Journal article
    Vlachopoulou M, Coughlin D, Forrow D, Kirk S, Logan P, Voulvoulis Net al., 2014,

    The potential of using the Ecosystem Approach in the implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive

    , SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, Vol: 470, Pages: 684-694, ISSN: 0048-9697
  • Journal article
    Hjorth P, Madani K, 2014,

    Sustainability Monitoring and Assessment: New Challenges Require New Thinking

    , JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT, Vol: 140, Pages: 133-135, ISSN: 0733-9496
  • Journal article
    Rajoo S, Pesiridis A, Martinez-Botas R, 2014,

    Novel method to improve engine exhaust energy extraction with active control turbocharger

    , INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINE RESEARCH, Vol: 15, Pages: 236-249, ISSN: 1468-0874
  • Journal article
    Mukherjee S, Kumar P, Hosseini A, Yang A, Fennell Pet al., 2014,

    Comparative Assessment of Gasification Based Coal Power Plants with Various CO2 Capture Technologies Producing Electricity and Hydrogen

    , ENERGY & FUELS, Vol: 28, Pages: 1028-1040, ISSN: 0887-0624
  • Journal article
    Jordan JR, Holland PR, Jenkins A, Piggott MD, Kimura Set al., 2014,

    Modeling ice-ocean interaction in ice-shelf crevasses

    , JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS, Vol: 119, Pages: 995-1008, ISSN: 2169-9275
  • Book chapter
    Ekins-Daukes NJ, 2014,

    III-V Solar Cells

    , Solar Cell Materials: Developing Technologies, Editors: Conibeer, Willoughby, Publisher: Wiley, ISBN: 978-0-470-06551-8
  • Journal article
    Palmer J, Turney C, Hogg A, Hilliam N, Watson M, van Sebille E, Cowie W, Jones R, Petchey Fet al., 2014,

    The discovery of New Zealand's oldest shipwreck - possible evidence of further Dutch exploration of the South Pacific

    , JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE, Vol: 42, Pages: 435-441, ISSN: 0305-4403
  • Journal article
    den Toom M, Dijkstra HA, Weijer W, Hecht MW, Maltrud ME, van Sebille Eet al., 2014,

    Response of a Strongly Eddying Global Ocean to North Atlantic Freshwater Perturbations

    , JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY, Vol: 44, Pages: 464-481, ISSN: 0022-3670
  • Journal article
    van Sebille E, Sprintall J, Schwarzkopf FU, Sen Gupta A, Santoso A, England MH, Biastoch A, Boening CWet al., 2014,

    Pacific-to-Indian Ocean connectivity: Tasman leakage, Indonesian Throughflow, and the role of ENSO

    , JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS, Vol: 119, Pages: 1365-1382, ISSN: 2169-9275
  • Journal article
    Bond T, Huang J, Graham NJD, Templeton MRet al., 2014,

    Examining the interrelationship between DOC, bromide and chlorine dose on DBP formation in drinking water — A case study

    , Science of The Total Environment, Vol: 470-471, Pages: 469-479, ISSN: 0048-9697
  • Journal article
    Bond T, Templeton MR, Rifai O, Ali H, Graham NJDet al., 2014,

    Chlorinated and nitrogenous disinfection by-product formation from ozonation and post-chlorination of natural organic matter surrogates

    , Chemosphere, Vol: 111, Pages: 218-224
  • Journal article
    Slade R, Bauen A, Gross R, 2014,

    Global bioenergy resources

    , Nature Climate Change, Vol: 4, Pages: 99-105, ISSN: 1758-678X

    Using biomass to provide energy services is a strategically important option for increasing the global uptake of renewable energy. Yet the practicalities of accelerating deployment are mired in controversy over the potential resource conflicts that might occur, particularly over land, water and biodiversity conservation. This calls into question whether policies to promote bioenergy are justified. Here we examine the assumptions on which global bioenergy resource estimates are predicated. We find that there is a disjunct between the evidence that global bioenergy studies can provide and policymakers' desire for estimates that can straightforwardly guide policy targets. We highlight the need for bottom-up assessments informed by empirical studies, experimentation and cross-disciplinary learning to better inform the policy debate.
  • Journal article
    Guilbert AAY, Frost JM, Agostinelli T, Pires E, Lilliu S, Macdonald JE, Nelson Jet al., 2014,

    Influence of Bridging Atom and Side Chains on the Structure and Crystallinity of Cyclopentadithiophene-Benzothiadiazole Polymers

    , CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS, Vol: 26, Pages: 1226-1233, ISSN: 0897-4756
  • Journal article
    van Reeuwijk M, Holzner M, 2014,

    The turbulence boundary of a temporal jet

    , Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol: 739, Pages: 254-275, ISSN: 0022-1120

    We examine the structure of the turbulence boundary of a temporal plane jet at Re=5000 using statistics conditioned on the enstrophy. The data is obtained by direct numerical simulation and threshold values span 24 orders of magnitude, ranging from essentially irrotational fluid outside the jet to fully turbulent fluid in the jet core. We use two independent estimators for the local entrainment velocity vn based on the enstrophy budget. The data show clear evidence for the existence of a viscous superlayer (VSL) that envelopes the turbulence. The VSL is a nearly one-dimensional layer with low surface curvature. We find that both its area and viscous transport velocity adjust to the imposed rate of entrainment so that the integral entrainment flux is independent of threshold, although low-Reynolds-number effects play a role for the case under consideration. This threshold independence is consistent with the inviscid nature of the integral rate of entrainment. A theoretical model of the VSL is developed that is in reasonably good agreement with the data and predicts that the contribution of viscous transport and dissipation to interface propagation have magnitude 2vn and −vn , respectively. We further identify a turbulent core region (TC) and a buffer region (BR) connecting the VSL and the TC. The BR grows in time and inviscid enstrophy production is important in this region. The BR shows many similarities with the turbulent–non-turbulent interface (TNTI), although the TNTI seems to extend into the TC. The average distance between the TC and the VSL, i.e. the BR thickness is about 10 Kolmogorov length scales or half a Taylor length scale, indicating that intense turbulent flow regions and viscosity-dominated regions are in close proximity.
  • Journal article
    Farrell PE, Cotter CJ, Funke SW, 2014,

    A framework for the automation of generalised stability theory

    , SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing, Vol: 36, Pages: C25-C48
  • Journal article
    Zhou Z, Dionisio KL, Verissimo TG, Kerr AS, Coull B, Howie S, Arku RE, Koutrakis P, Spengler JD, Fornace K, Hughes AF, Vallarino J, Agyei-Mensah S, Ezzati Met al., 2014,

    Chemical Characterization and Source Apportionment of Household Fine Particulate Matter in Rural, Peri-urban, and Urban West Africa

    , ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, Vol: 48, Pages: 1343-1351, ISSN: 0013-936X
  • Journal article
    Cesaroni G, Forastiere F, Stafoggia M, Andersen ZJ, Badaloni C, Beelen R, Caracciolo B, de Faire U, Erbel R, Eriksen KT, Fratiglioni L, Galassi C, Hampel R, Heier M, Hennig F, Hilding A, Hoffmann B, Houthuijs D, Joeckel K-H, Korek M, Lanki T, Leander K, Magnusson PKE, Migliore E, Ostenson C-G, Overvad K, Pedersen NL, Pekkanen JJ, Penell J, Pershagen G, Pyko A, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Ranzi A, Ricceri F, Sacerdote C, Salomaa V, Swart W, Turunen AW, Vineis P, Weinmayr G, Wolf K, de Hoogh K, Hoek G, Brunekreef B, Peters Aet al., 2014,

    Long term exposure to ambient air pollution and incidence of acute coronary events: prospective cohort study and meta-analysis in 11 European cohorts from the ESCAPE Project

    , BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 348, ISSN: 0959-535X
  • Journal article
    Bell RE, Jackson CAL, Elliott GM, Gawthorpe RL, Sharp IR, Michelsen Let al., 2014,

    Insights into the development of major rift-related unconformities from geologically constrained subsidence modelling: Halten Terrace, offshore mid Norway

    , Basin Research, Vol: 26, Pages: 203-224

    Due to the effects of sediment compaction, thermal subsidence and ‘post-rift’ fault reactivation, the present-day geometry of buried, ancient rift basins may not accurately reflect the geometry of the basin at any stage of its syn-rift evolution. An understanding of the geometry of a rift basin through time is crucial for resolving the dynamics of continental rifting and in assessing the hydrocarbon prospectivity of such basins. In this study, we have restored the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous geometry of the southern Halten Terrace, offshore mid Norway, using a combination of well log- and core-derived, sedimentological and stratigraphic data, seismic-stratigraphic observations and reverse subsidence modelling. This integrated geological and geophysical approach has allowed the large number of input parameters involved in flexural backstripping and post-rift thermal subsidence modelling to be constrained. We have thus been able to determine the regional structure of the basin at the end of the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous rift phase and the associated amount of crustal stretching. Our basin geometry reconstructions reveal that, during the latest syn-rift period in the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous, the Halten Terrace was characterized by a series of isolated depocentres, located between footwall islands, which were not connected into a single depocentre until the Late Cretaceous (Coniacian). We show that two major unconformities, which are now vertically offset by ca. 2 km and located ca. 60 km apart, formed at similar subaerial elevations in the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous and were subsequently vertically offset by thermally induced tilting of the basin margin. Cretaceous sediments were deposited in a single, relatively unconfined basin in water depths of 1–1.5 km. The β profile that best restores palaeobathymetry to match our geological constraints is the same as that derived from summing visible post-Late Tri
  • Journal article
    Alves TM, Bell RE, Jackson CA-L, Minshull TAet al., 2014,

    Deep-water continental margins: geological and economic frontiers

    , Basin Research, Vol: 26, Pages: 3-9

    Deep-water margins have been the focus of considerable research during the past decade. They comprise vast, underexplored regions, in which only recently have improvements in seismic imaging and drilling technology allowed the discovery of significant hydrocarbon accumulations. This volume comprises of a series of manuscripts based on studies from continental margins bordering India, East Africa, Australia, China, Norway, the United Kingdom, Iberia, Newfoundland, the southern US, West Africa and Brazil, thus offering a global perspective on the evolution and economic significance of deep-water margins. The articles in this volume examine: (i) the quantification of extension and hyperextension in distal parts of continental margins, and their relationship with regional subsidence, (ii) the importance of magmatism in the structural and thermal evolution of rifted continental margins, (iii) the processes driving and the significance of regional exhumation during and after syn-rift stretching, (iv) the tectonic setting of salt basins and (v) depositional patterns along deep-water margins. To complement this work, we present a personal view of some of the specific questions that need to be addressed in the next few years of deep-water continental margin research.
  • Journal article
    Parpas P, Webster M, 2014,

    A stochastic multiscale model for electricity generation capacity expansion

    , European Journal of Operational Research, Vol: 232, Pages: 359-374, ISSN: 0377-2217

    Long-term planning for electric power systems, or capacity expansion, has traditionally been modeled using simplified models or heuristics to approximate the short-term dynamics. However, current trends such as increasing penetration of intermittent renewable generation and increased demand response requires a coupling of both the long and short term dynamics. We present an efficient method for coupling multiple temporal scales using the framework of singular perturbation theory for the control of Markov processes in continuous time. We show that the uncertainties that exist in many energy planning problems, in particular load demand uncertainty and uncertainties in generation availability, can be captured with a multiscale model. We then use a dimensionality reduction technique, which is valid if the scale separation present in the model is large enough, to derive a computationally tractable model. We show that both wind data and electricity demand data do exhibit sufficient scale separation. A numerical example using real data and a finite difference approximation of the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation is used to illustrate the proposed method. We compare the results of our approximate model with those of the exact model. We also show that the proposed approximation outperforms a commonly used heuristic used in capacity expansion models.
  • Journal article
    Irvine EA, Hoskins BJ, Shine KP, 2014,

    A Lagrangian analysis of ice-supersaturated air over the North Atlantic

    , JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES, Vol: 119, Pages: 90-100, ISSN: 2169-897X
  • Journal article
    Cotter CJ, Thuburn J, 2014,

    A finite element exterior calculus framework for the rotating shallow-water equations

    , Journal of Computational Physics, Vol: 257, Pages: 1506-1526
  • Journal article
    Read L, Madani K, Inanloo B, 2014,

    Optimality versus stability in water resource allocation

    , JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, Vol: 133, Pages: 343-354, ISSN: 0301-4797
  • Conference paper
    Pawlak J, Polak JW, Sivakumar A, 2014,

    Microsimulation-Based Estimation of Value of Employer's Business Traveler's Value of Time: Comparison with Current Estimation Practices and Implications for Investment Appraisal

    , 93rd Annual Meeting of Transportation Research Board
  • Journal article
    Zolfaghari A, Sivakumar A, Polak JW, 2014,

    Simplified probabilistic choice set formation models in a residential location choice context

    The implementation of a theoretically sound, two-stage discrete-choice modelling paradigm incorporating probabilistic choice sets is impractical when the number of alternatives is large, which is a typical case in most spatial choice contexts. In the context of residential location choice, Kaplan et al., 2009, Kaplan et al., 2011 and Kaplan et al., 2012 (KBS) developed a semi-compensatory choice model incorporating data of individuals searching for dwellings observed using a customised real estate agency website. This secondary data is used to compute the probability of considering a choice set that takes the form of an ordered probit model. In this paper, we illustrate that the simplicity of the KBS model arises because of an unrealistic assumption that individuals' choice sets only contain alternatives that derive from their observed combination of thresholds. Relaxing this assumption, we introduce a new probabilistic choice set formation model that allows the power set to include all potential choice sets derived from variations in thresholds' combinations. In addition to extending the KBS model, our proposed model asymptotically approaches the classical Manski model, if a suitable structure is used to categorise alternatives. In order to illustrate the biases inherent in the original KBS approach, we compare it with our proposed model and the MNL model using a Monte Carlo experiment. The results of this experiment show that the KBS model causes biases in predicted market share if individuals are free to choose from any potential choice sets derived from combinations of thresholds.
  • Journal article
    Verdia P, Brandt A, Hallett JP, Ray MJ, Welton Tet al., 2014,

    Fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass with the ionic liquid 1-butylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate

    , Green Chemistry, Vol: 16, Pages: 1617-1627, ISSN: 1744-1560

    The application of the protic ionic liquid 1-butylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate in the deconstruction (aka pretreatment) and fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass has been investigated. A cellulose rich pulp and a lignin fraction were produced. The pulp was subjected to enzymatic saccharification which allowed recovery of up to 90% of the glucan as fermentable glucose. The influence of the solution acidity on the deconstruction of Miscanthus giganteus was examined by varying the 1-butylimidazole to sulfuric acid ratio. Increased acidity led to shorter pretreatment times and resulted in reduced hemicellulose content in the pulp. Addition of water to the ionic liquid resulted in enhanced saccharification yields. The ability to tune acidity through the use of protic ionic liquids offers a significant advantage in flexibility over dialkylimidazolium analogues.
  • Journal article
    Edwards CTT, Bunnefeld N, Balme GA, Milner-Gulland EJet al., 2014,

    Data-poor management of African lion hunting using a relative index of abundance

    , PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Vol: 111, Pages: 539-543, ISSN: 0027-8424
  • Journal article
    Siegert MJ, Ross N, Corr H, Smith B, Jordan T, Bingham RG, Ferraccioli F, Rippin DM, Le Brocq Aet al., 2014,

    Boundary conditions of an active West Antarctic subglacial lake: implications for storage of water beneath the ice sheet

    , CRYOSPHERE, Vol: 8, Pages: 15-24, ISSN: 1994-0416
  • Journal article
    Ritson JP, Graham NJD, Templeton MR, Clark JM, Gough R, Freeman Cet al., 2014,

    The impact of climate change on the treatability of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in upland water supplies: a UK perspective

    , Science of the Total Environment, Vol: 473-474, Pages: 714-730
  • Conference paper
    Niu B, Al-Menhali A, Krevor S, 2014,

    A study of residual carbon dioxide trapping in sandstone

    , 12th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT), Publisher: ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, Pages: 5522-5529, ISSN: 1876-6102

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