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  • Journal article
    Cotter CJ, Holm DD, Jacobs HJ, Meier DMet al., 2014,

    A jetlet hierarchy for ideal fluid dynamics

    , J Phys A, Vol: 47
  • Journal article
    Bell RE, Jackson CA-L, Whipp PS, Clements Bet al., 2014,

    Strain migration during multiphase extension: observations from the northern North Sea. In press

    , Tectonics
  • Journal article
    Jackson CA-L, Rodriguez CR, Rotevatn A, Bell REet al., 2014,

    Geological and geophysical expression of a primary salt weld; an example from the Santos Basin, Brazil. In press

    , Interpretation
  • Conference paper
    Bell RE, Duffy O, Jackson CA-L, Charoenpun T, Watkins S, Whipp PS, Cabeza Aet al., 2014,

    Long term (> 250 Ma) and long length-scale (>300 km) strain migration along a rift border fault

    , Geometry and Growth of Normal Faults
  • Conference paper
    Bell RE, Jackson CA-L, 2014,

    Are current models for normal fault array evoltion applicable to natural rifts?

    , Geometry and Growth of Normal Faults
  • Conference paper
    Bell RE, Morgan J, Warner M, Bangs Net al., 2014,

    Next-generation seismic experiments:wide-angle, multi-azimuth, three dimensional, full-waveform inversion

    , SEG/AGU Workshop on Advances in Active and Passive “Full Wavefield” Seismic Imaging: From Reservoirs to Plate Tectonics
  • Conference paper
    Wang L, Ochoa Rodriguez S, Willems P, Onof Cet al., 2014,

    Improving the applicability of gauge-based radar rainfall adjustment methods to urban pluvial flood modelling and forecasting using local singularity analysis

    , Washington, D.C., 2014 International Weather Radar and Hydrology Symposium, Publisher: ASCE-EWRI
  • Journal article
    Forzoni A, Storms JEA, Whittaker AC, de Jager Get al., 2014,

    Delayed delivery from the sediment factory: modeling the impact of catchment response time to tectonics on sediment flux and fluvio-deltaic stratigraphy

    , Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, Vol: in press
  • Journal article
    Almeida S, Bulygina N, McIntyre N, Wagener T, Buytaert Wet al., 2013,

    Improving parameter priors for data-scarce estimation problems

    , Water Resources Research
  • Book chapter
    Woods J, Kalas N, 2013,

    Can energy policy drive sustainable land use? Lessons from Biofuels Policy Development over the Last Decade

    , Plants and Bioenergy, Editors: McCann, Buckeridge, Carpita, Publisher: Springer

    The mandated increase in bioenergy as a means to decarbonise our energy supply, enhance energy security, and promote rural development has raised concerns regarding the impacts biomass feedstock production may have on food security and has placed bioenergy feedstock production in competition for resources required to feed a growing global population. Concerns over the direct and indirect impacts of bioenergy, particularly conventional biofuels , have pushed policy makers to try to direct biomass crop production onto marginal, degraded and ‘unused’ land. Moving bioenergy onto ‘marginal lands’ will inevitably raise the costs of feedstock production, but it may also be contradictory to food security where ‘sustainable intensification’ and reduced losses require increased energy inputs. This marginalisation ignores the beneficial role that perennial energy crops could play in managing the sustainable intensification of overall agricultural production required to feed over 9 billion people by 2050. This chapter explores the role and drivers of bioenergy in future world energy production, land use change and wider sustainability issues, and proposes an alternative, integrated approach toward a resource efficient and sustainable provision of agricultural products, including food, feed, biobased chemicals, materials and energy.
  • Journal article
    Holt J, van der Gaag DJ, Leach AW, MacLeod A, Baker RHA, Mumford JDet al., 2013,

    A quantitative interpretation of the Entry Section of the EPPO Decision Support Scheme for Pest Risk Analysis

    , Bulletin OEPP, Vol: 44, Pages: 97-101, ISSN: 0250-8052

    The development of methods to combine components of risk and their associated uncertainty in Pest Risk Analysis (PRA) has received attention in a number of recent European projects. Many of the risk components distinguished in the EPPO Decision-support scheme (DSS) for PRA are usually difficult to quantify, but when there is detailed knowledge of the pest and pathway, quantification may be possible to a limited extent for the pest entry section of the scheme. The European Food Safety Authority has recently commissioned a project to investigate approaches to quantitative pathway analysis for pests of commodities entering and moving within the EU (QPA-Food); a sister project concerns non-food commodities. This paper illustrates the potential for a quantitative pathway model based closely on the Entry Section of the EPPO DSS for PRA, where existing quantitative definitions of rating categories have been used as a basis to estimate the proportion and number of infested lots on a pathway. Such quantification may provide additional insights without requiring substantial changes to the information elicited via the DSS.
  • Journal article
    Palmer SJ, Dowdeswell JA, Christoffersen P, Young DA, Blankenship DD, Greenbaum JS, Benham T, Bamber J, Siegert MJet al., 2013,

    Greenland subglacial lakes detected by radar

    , GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, Vol: 40, Pages: 6154-6159, ISSN: 0094-8276
  • Journal article
    Prentice IC, Dong N, Gleason SM, Maire V, Wright IJet al., 2013,

    Balancing the costs of carbon gain and water transport: testing a new theoretical framework for plant functional ecology

    , Ecology Letters, Vol: 17, Pages: 82-91, ISSN: 1461-023X

    A novel framework is presented for the analysis of ecophysiological field measurements and modelling. The hypothesis ‘leaves minimise the summed unit costs of transpiration and carboxylation’ predicts leaf‐internal/ambient CO2 ratios (ci/ca) and slopes of maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax) or leaf nitrogen (Narea) vs. stomatal conductance. Analysis of data on woody species from contrasting climates (cold‐hot, dry‐wet) yielded steeper slopes and lower mean ci/ca ratios at the dry or cold sites than at the wet or hot sites. High atmospheric vapour pressure deficit implies low ci/ca in dry climates. High water viscosity (more costly transport) and low photorespiration (less costly photosynthesis) imply low ci/ca in cold climates. Observed site‐mean ci/ca shifts are predicted quantitatively for temperature contrasts (by photorespiration plus viscosity effects) and approximately for aridity contrasts. The theory explains the dependency of ci/ca ratios on temperature and vapour pressure deficit, and observed relationships of leaf δ13C and Narea to aridity.
  • Journal article
    Bistinas I, Oom D, Sa ACL, Harrison SP, Prentice IC, Pereira JMCet al., 2013,

    Relationships between Human Population Density and Burned Area at Continental and Global Scales

    , PLOS ONE, Vol: 8, ISSN: 1932-6203

    We explore the large spatial variation in the relationship between population density and burned area, usingcontinental-scale Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) based on 13 years of satellite-derived burned areamaps from the global fire emissions database (GFED) and the human population density from the gridded populationof the world (GPW 2005). Significant relationships are observed over 51.5% of the global land area, and the areaaffected varies from continent to continent: population density has a significant impact on fire over most of Asia andAfrica but is important in explaining fire over < 22% of Europe and Australia. Increasing population density isassociated with both increased and decreased in fire. The nature of the relationship depends on land-use: increasingpopulation density is associated with increased burned are in rangelands but with decreased burned area incroplands. Overall, the relationship between population density and burned area is non-monotonic: burned areainitially increases with population density and then decreases when population density exceeds a threshold. Thesethresholds vary regionally. Our study contributes to improved understanding of how human activities relate to burnedarea, and should contribute to a better estimate of atmospheric emissions from biomass burning.
  • Journal article
    Medlyn BE, Duursma RA, De Kauwe MG, Prentice ICet al., 2013,

    The optimal stomatal response to atmospheric CO2 concentration: Alternative solutions, alternative interpretations

    , AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY, Vol: 182, Pages: 200-203, ISSN: 0168-1923
  • Journal article
    Houari Y, Speirs J, Candelise C, Gross Ret al., 2013,

    A system dynamics model of tellurium availability for CdTe PV

    , Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, Pages: n/a-n/a, ISSN: 1099-159X

    The routine availability of key component materials has been highlighted as a potential constraint to both extensive deployment and reduction in production costs of thin-film photovoltaic (PV) technologies. This paper examines the effect of material availability on the maximum potential growth of thin-film PV by 2050 using the case of tellurium (Te) in cadmium telluride (CdTe) PV, currently the dominating thin-film technology with the lowest manufacturing cost. The use of system dynamics (SD) modelling allows for a dynamic treatment of key Te supply features and prospects for reductions in PV demand via material efficiency improvements, as well as greater transparency and a better understanding of future recycling potential. The model's projections for maximum Te-constrained CdTe PV growth by 2050 are shown to be higher than a number of previous studies using static assumptions—suggesting that a dynamic treatment of the resource constraints for CdTe inherently improves the outlook for future deployment of this technology. In addition, the sensitivity analysis highlights certain complex correlations between the maximum potential CdTe growth by 2050 and the rated lifetime of PV modules as well as the reported size of global Te resources. The highest observed sensitivities are to the recovery rate of Te from copper anode slimes, the active layer thickness, the module efficiency and the utilisation rate of Te during manufacturing, all of which are highlighted as topics for further research. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
  • Journal article
    Zhou S, Duursma RA, Medlyn BE, Kelly JWG, Prentice ICet al., 2013,

    How should we model plant responses to drought? An analysis of stomatal and non-stomatal responses to water stress

    , AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY, Vol: 182, Pages: 204-214, ISSN: 0168-1923
  • Journal article
    Bond T, Roma E, Foxon KM, Templeton MR, Buckley CAet al., 2013,

    Ancient water and sanitation systems - applicability for the contemporary urban developing world

    , Water Science and Technology, Vol: 67, Pages: 935-941
  • Journal article
    Pooley SP, Mendelsohn JA, Milner-Gulland EJ, 2013,

    Hunting Down the Chimera of Multiple Disciplinarity in Conservation Science

    , Conservation Biology

    The consensus is that both ecological and social factors are essential dimensions of conservation research and practice. However, much of the literature on multiple disciplinary collaboration focuses on the difficulties of undertaking it. This review of the challenges of conducting multiple disciplinary collaboration offers a framework for thinking about the diversity and complexity of this endeavor. We focused on conceptual challenges, of which 5 main categories emerged: methodological challenges, value judgments, theories of knowledge, disciplinary prejudices, and interdisciplinary communication. The major problems identified in these areas have proved remarkably persistent in the literature surveyed (c.1960–2012). Reasons for these failures to learn from past experience include the pressure to produce positive outcomes and gloss over disagreements, the ephemeral nature of many such projects and resulting lack of institutional memory, and the apparent complexity and incoherence of the endeavor. We suggest that multiple disciplinary collaboration requires conceptual integration among carefully selected multiple disciplinary team members united in investigating a shared problem or question. We outline a 9-point sequence of steps for setting up a successful multiple disciplinary project. This encompasses points on recruitment, involving stakeholders, developing research questions, negotiating power dynamics and hidden values and conceptual differences, explaining and choosing appropriate methods, developing a shared language, facilitating on-going communications, and discussing data integration and project outcomes. Although numerous solutions to the challenges of multiple disciplinary research have been proposed, lessons learned are often lost when projects end or experienced individuals move on. We urge multiple disciplinary teams to capture the challenges recognized, and solutions proposed, by their researchers while projects are in process. A database of we
  • Journal article
    Todman LC, Ireson AM, Butler AP, Templeton MRet al., 2013,

    Water vapor transport in soils from a pervaporative irrigation system

    , Journal of Environmental Engineering, Vol: 139, Pages: 1062-1069
  • Journal article
    Nuno A, Bunnefeld N, Naiman LC, Milner-Gulland EJet al., 2013,

    A novel approach to assessing the prevalence and drivers of illegal bushmeat hunting in the serengeti

    , Conservation Biology, Vol: 27, Pages: 1355-1365, ISSN: 1523-1739

    Assessing anthropogenic effects on biological diversity, identifying drivers of human behavior, and motivating behavioral change are at the core of effective conservation. Yet knowledge of people's behaviors is often limited because the true extent of natural resource exploitation is difficult to ascertain, particularly if it is illegal. To obtain estimates of rule-breaking behavior, a technique has been developed with which to ask sensitive questions. We used this technique, unmatched-count technique (UCT), to provide estimates of bushmeat poaching, to determine motivation and seasonal and spatial distribution of poaching, and to characterize poaching households in the Serengeti. We also assessed the potential for survey biases on the basis of respondent perceptions of understanding, anonymity, and discomfort. Eighteen percent of households admitted to being involved in hunting. Illegal bushmeat hunting was more likely in households with seasonal or full-time employment, lower household size, and longer household residence in the village. The majority of respondents found the UCT questions easy to understand and were comfortable answering them. Our results suggest poaching remains widespread in the Serengeti and current alternative sources of income may not be sufficiently attractive to compete with the opportunities provided by hunting. We demonstrate that the UCT is well suited to investigating noncompliance in conservation because it reduces evasive responses, resulting in more accurate estimates, and is technically simple to apply. We suggest that the UCT could be more widely used, with the trade-off being the increased complexity of data analyses and requirement for large sample sizes.
  • Journal article
    Woodward G, Gray C, Baird DJ, 2013,

    Biomonitoring for the 21st Century: new perspectives in an age of globalisation and emerging environmental threats

    , LIMNETICA, Vol: 32, Pages: 159-173, ISSN: 0213-8409
  • Journal article
    Wu B, Yufit V, Marinescu M, Offer GJ, Martinez-Botas RF, Brandon NPet al., 2013,

    Coupled thermal–electrochemical modelling of uneven heat generation in lithium-ion battery packs

    , Journal of Power Sources, Vol: 243, Pages: 544-554, ISSN: 0378-7753

    Abstract In battery packs with cells in parallel, the inter-cell connection resistances can cause unequal loads due to non-uniform interconnect overpotentials and consequentially lead to non-uniform heating. This article explores how load imbalances are generated in automotive applications, by describing a battery pack with finite interconnect resistances. Each cell inside the pack is represented by a pseudo 2D electrochemical model coupled with a lumped thermal model. Increasing the number of cells in parallel results in a linear increase in load non-uniformity, whilst increasing the ratio of interconnect to battery impedance results in a logarithmic increase in load non-uniformity, with cells closest to the load points experiencing the largest currents. Therefore, interconnect resistances of the order of mΩ can have a significant detrimental impact. Under steady state discharge the cell impedance changes until the loads balance. This process, however, can take hundreds of seconds and therefore may never happen under dynamic load cycles. Cycling within a narrow state-of-charge range and pulse loading are shown to be the most detrimental situations. Upon load removal, re-balancing can occur causing further heating. Simulation of a 12P7S pack under a real world load cycle shows that these effects could cause localised thermal runaway.
  • Journal article
    Waldock J, Parham PE, Lelieveld J, Christophides GKet al., 2013,

    Climate and Human Health: The Impact of Climate Change on Vector-Borne Diseases, Paphos, Cyprus (17-19 October 2012)

    , PATHOGENS AND GLOBAL HEALTH, Vol: 107, Pages: 387-392, ISSN: 2047-7724
  • Journal article
    Yu W-Z, Graham N, Liu H-J, Qu J-Het al., 2013,

    Comparison of FeCl3 and alum pre-treatment on UF membrane fouling

    , CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL, Vol: 234, Pages: 158-165, ISSN: 1385-8947
  • Journal article
    Koch FPV, Rivnay J, Foster S, Mueller C, Downing JM, Buchaca-Domingo E, Westacott P, Yu L, Yuan M, Baklar M, Fei Z, Luscombe C, McLachlan MA, Heeney M, Rumbles G, Silva C, Salleo A, Nelson J, Smith P, Stingelin Net al., 2013,

    The impact of molecular weight on microstructure and charge transport in semicrystalline polymer Semiconductors poly(3-hexylthiophene), a model study

    , PROGRESS IN POLYMER SCIENCE, Vol: 38, Pages: 1978-1989, ISSN: 0079-6700
  • Book chapter
    Wheater H, McIntyre N, Bulygina N, Fraser C, Jackson Bet al., 2013,

    Prediction in Ungauged Basins – The Challenge of Catchment Non-Stationarity

    , Editors: Pomeroy, Whitfield, Spence, ISBN: 978-1-896513-38-6
  • Journal article
    Bunnefeld N, Edwards CTT, Atickem A, Hailu F, Milner-Gulland EJet al., 2013,

    Incentivizing Monitoring and Compliance in Trophy Hunting

    , Conservation Biology, Vol: 27, Pages: 1344-1354, ISSN: 1523-1739

    Conservation scientists are increasingly focusing on the drivers of human behavior and on theimplications of various sources of uncertainty for management decision making. Trophy hunting has beensuggested as a conservation tool because it gives economic value to wildlife, but recent examples show thatoverharvesting is a substantial problem and that data limitations are rife. We use a case study of trophyhunting of an endangered antelope, the mountain nyala (Tragelaphus buxtoni), to explore how uncertaintiesgenerated by population monitoring and poaching interact with decision making by 2 key stakeholders: thesafari companies and the government. We built a management strategy evaluation model that encompassesthe population dynamics of mountain nyala, a monitoring model, and a company decision making model. Weinvestigated scenarios of investment into antipoaching and monitoring by governments and safari companies.Harvest strategy was robust to the uncertainty in the population estimates obtained from monitoring, butpoaching had a much stronger effect on quota and sustainability. Hence, reducing poaching is in the interestsof companies wishing to increase the profitability of their enterprises, for example by engaging communitymembers as game scouts. There is a threshold level of uncertainty in the population estimates beyond whichthe year-to-year variation in the trophy quota prevented planning by the safari companies. This suggests a rolefor government in ensuring that a baseline level of population monitoring is carried out such that this levelis not exceeded. Our results illustrate the importance of considering the incentives of multiple stakeholderswhen designing frameworks for resource use and when designing management frameworks to address theparticular sources of uncertainty that affect system sustainability most heavily.
  • Journal article
    Berloff P, Kamenkovich I, 2013,

    On Spectral Analysis of Mesoscale Eddies. Part I: Linear Analysis

    , JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY, Vol: 43, Pages: 2505-2527, ISSN: 0022-3670
  • Journal article
    Dibb GFA, Muth M-A, Kirchartz T, Engmann S, Hoppe H, Gobsch G, Thelakkat M, Blouin N, Tierney S, Carrasco-Orozco M, Durrant JR, Nelson Jet al., 2013,

    Influence of doping on charge carrier collection in normal and inverted geometry polymer: fullerene solar cells

    , SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, Vol: 3, ISSN: 2045-2322

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