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  • Journal article
    Anvari B, Bell MGH, Sivakumar A, Ochieng WYet al., 2013,

    Modelling of Shared Space Users Using Rule-based Social Forces to Verify New Design Approaches

    , IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems
  • Journal article
    Wilkins D, van Sebille E, Rintoul SR, Lauro FM, Cavicchioli Ret al., 2013,

    Advection shapes Southern Ocean microbial assemblages independent of distance and environment effects

    , NATURE COMMUNICATIONS, Vol: 4, ISSN: 2041-1723
  • Journal article
    Masato G, Hoskins BJ, Woollings T, 2013,

    Winter and Summer Northern Hemisphere Blocking in CMIP5 Models

    , JOURNAL OF CLIMATE, Vol: 26, Pages: 7044-7059, ISSN: 0894-8755
  • Journal article
    Díaz S, Purvis A, Cornelissen JHC, Mace GM, Donoghue MJ, Ewers RM, Jordano P, Pearse WDet al., 2013,

    Functional traits, the phylogeny of function, and ecosystem service vulnerability

    , Ecology and Evolution, Vol: 3, Pages: 2958-2975, ISSN: 2045-7758

    People depend on benefits provided by ecological systems. Understanding how these ecosystem services – and the ecosystem properties underpinning them – respond to drivers of change is therefore an urgent priority. We address this challenge through developing a novel risk-assessment framework that integrates ecological and evolutionary perspectives on functional traits to determine species’ effects on ecosystems and their tolerance of environmental changes. We define Specific Effect Function (SEF) as the per-gram or per capita capacity of a species to affect an ecosystem property, and Specific Response Function (SRF) as the ability of a species to maintain or enhance its population as the environment changes. Our risk assessment is based on the idea that the security of ecosystem services depends on how effects (SEFs) and tolerances (SRFs) of organisms – which both depend on combinations of functional traits – correlate across species and how they are arranged on the species’ phylogeny. Four extreme situations are theoretically possible, from minimum concern when SEF and SRF are neither correlated nor show a phylogenetic signal, to maximum concern when they are negatively correlated (i.e., the most important species are the least tolerant) and phylogenetically patterned (lacking independent backup). We illustrate the assessment with five case studies, involving both plant and animal examples. However, the extent to which the frequency of the four plausible outcomes, or their intermediates, apply more widely in real-world ecological systems is an open question that needs empirical evidence, and suggests a research agenda at the interface of evolutionary biology and ecosystem ecology.
  • Journal article
    Chakrabarti MH, Low CTJ, Brandon NP, Yufit V, Hashim MA, Irfan MF, Akhtar J, Ruiz-Trejo E, Hussain MAet al., 2013,

    Progress in the electrochemical modification of graphene-based materials and their applications

    , Electrochimica Acta, Vol: 107, Pages: 425-440, ISSN: 0013-4686

    Graphene is a 2D allotrope of carbon with exciting properties such as extremely high electronic conductivity and superior mechanical strength. It has considerable potential for applications in fields such as bio-sensors, electrochemical energy storage and electronics. In most cases, graphene has been functionalized and modified with other materials to prepare composites. This work reviews the electrochemical modification of graphene. Commencing with a brief history, a summary of several different means of modifying graphene to effect diverse applications is provided. This is followed by a discussion on different composite materials that have been prepared with reduced graphene oxide prior to moving onto a detailed consideration of six different methods of electrochemically modifying graphene to prepare composite materials. These methods involve cathodic reduction of graphene oxide, electrophoretic deposition, electro-deposition techniques, electrospinning, electrochemical doping and electrochemical polymerization. Finally a consideration on the applications of electrochemically modified graphene composite materials in various fields is presented prior to discussing some prospects in enhancing the electrochemical process to realize excellent and economic composite materials in bulk.
  • Journal article
    Bamber JL, Siegert MJ, Griggs JA, Marshall SJ, Spada Get al., 2013,

    Paleofluvial Mega-Canyon Beneath the Central Greenland Ice Sheet

    , SCIENCE, Vol: 341, Pages: 997-999, ISSN: 0036-8075
  • Journal article
    Napp TA, Gambhir A, Hills TP, Florin N, Fennell PSet al., 2013,

    A review of the technologies, economics and policy instruments for decarbonising energy-intensive manufacturing industries

    , Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews

    Industrial processes account for one-third of global energy demand. The iron and steel, cement and refining sectors are particularly energy-intensive, together making up over 30% of total industrial energy consumption and producing millions of tonnes of CO2 per year. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of the technologies for reducing emissions from industrial processes by collating information from a wide range of sources. The paper begins with a summary of energy consumption and emissions in the industrial sector. This is followed by a detailed description of process improvements in the three sectors mentioned above, as well as cross-cutting technologies that are relevant to many industries. Lastly, a discussion of the effectiveness of government policies to facilitate the adoption of those technologies is presented. Whilst there has been significant improvement in energy efficiency in recent years, cost-effective energy efficient options still remain. Key energy efficiency measures include upgrading process units to Best Practice, installing new electrical equipment such as pumps and even replacing the process completely. However, these are insufficient to achieve the deep carbon reductions required if we are to avoid dangerous climate change. The paper concludes with recommendations for action to achieve further decarbonisation.
  • Conference paper
    Gullino ML, Thomas JE, Henry C, Dehne HW, Suffert F, Bonifert M, Mumford JD, Alpas H, Bertin A, Marelli F, Gamliel A, Fletcher J, Stack Jet al., 2013,

    Plant and food biosecurity: a European Union Network of Excellence

    , International congress of Plant Pathology, Publisher: Chinese Society for Plant Pathology, Pages: 410-410, ISSN: 0412-0914
  • Conference paper
    Mumford JD, Suffert F, Leach AW, Holt J, Sache I, LeFay-Souloy C, Barbier M, Hamilton RAet al., 2013,

    Quantification and interpretation of risk for security, trade, food and environment

    , Beijing, China, International Congress of Plant Pathology, Publisher: Chinese Society for Plant Pathology, Pages: 409-409, ISSN: 0412-0914
  • Conference paper
    Mumford JD, Holt J, Leach AW, Quinlan MMet al., 2013,

    National risk registers for plant health: lists, priorities and performance

    , Beijing, China, International Congress of Plant Pathology, Publisher: Chinese Society for Plant Pathology, Pages: 81-82, ISSN: 0412-0914
  • Journal article
    Govorukhin V, Shevchenko I, 2013,

    Selection of steady regimes of a one-parameter family in the problem of plane convective flow through porous medium

    , Fluid Dynamics, Vol: 48, Pages: 523-532, ISSN: 1573-8507

    Convective flow through a porous medium in a rectangular vessel with a linear temperature profile steadily maintained on the boundary is investigated. On the basis of numerical experiments the realization of steady regimes that belong to a globally stable, one-parameter family is studied at different vessel dimensions and initial temperature distributions. The regime selection is shown to strongly depend on the initial fluid temperature: a vicinity of two regimes is realized from initial data similar with the state of rest; at high initial fluid heating the regimes are selected from a vicinity of two other regimes; and in intermediate situations any of infinite number of steady regimes can be attained.
  • Conference paper
    Bixby H, Fecht D, Fortunato L, Hodgson Set al., 2013,

    Are greener cities healthier? An investigation into the association between green space coverage and health at the city level, in England

    , joint meeting of the International Society for Environmental Epidemiology (ISEE), the International Society of Exposure Science (ISES), and the International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate (ISIAQ)., Publisher: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), ISSN: 1552-9924
  • Journal article
    Li G, Harrison SP, Bartlein PJ, Izumi K, Prentice ICet al., 2013,

    Precipitation scaling with temperature in warm and cold climates: An analysis of CMIP5 simulations

    , GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, Vol: 40, Pages: 4018-4024, ISSN: 0094-8276
  • Journal article
    Nelson J, Emmott CJM, 2013,

    Can solar power deliver?

    , PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES, Vol: 371, ISSN: 1364-503X
  • Journal article
    Nghiem LTP, Soliman T, Yeo DCJ, Tan HTW, Evans TA, Mumford JD, Keller RP, Baker RHA, Corlett RT, Carrasco Ret al., 2013,

    Economic and environmental impacts of harmful non-indigenous species in Southeast Asia

    , PLOS One, Vol: 8, ISSN: 1932-6203

    Harmful non-indigenous species (NIS) impose great economic and environmentalimpacts globally, but little is known about their impacts in Southeast Asia. Lack ofknowledge of the magnitude of the problem hinders the allocation of appropriateresources for NIS prevention and management. We use benefit-cost analysisembedded in a Monte-Carlo simulation model and analyse economic and environmental impacts of NIS in the region to estimate the total burden of NIS inSoutheast Asia. The total annual loss caused by NIS to agriculture, human health and the environment in Southeast Asia is estimated to be US$33.5 billion (5th and 95th percentile US$25.8-39.8 billion). Losses and costs to the agricultural sector areestimated to be nearly 90% of the total (US$23.4-33.9 billion), while the annual costsassociated with human health and the environment are US$1.85 billion (US$1.4-2.5billion) and US$2.1 billion (US$0.9-3.3 billion), respectively, although these estimates are based on conservative assumptions. We demonstrate that the economic and environmental impacts of NIS are considerable and that further measures, such as the adoption of regional risk assessment protocols to inform decisions on prevention and control of NIS in Southeast Asia, could be beneficial.
  • Journal article
    Meager I, Ashraf RS, Mollinger S, Schroeder BC, Bronstein H, Beatrup D, Vezie MS, Kirchartz T, Salleo A, Nelson J, McCulloch Iet al., 2013,

    Photocurrent enhancement from diketopyrrolopyrrole polymer solar cells through alkyl-chain branching point manipulation.

    , J Am Chem Soc, Vol: 135, Pages: 11537-11540

    Systematically moving the alkyl-chain branching position away from the polymer backbone afforded two new thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPPTT-T) polymers. When used as donor materials in polymer:fullerene solar cells, efficiencies exceeding 7% were achieved without the use of processing additives. The effect of the position of the alkyl-chain branching point on the thin-film morphology was investigated using X-ray scattering techniques and the effects on the photovoltaic and charge-transport properties were also studied. For both solar cell and transistor devices, moving the branching point further from the backbone was beneficial. This is the first time that this effect has been shown to improve solar cell performance. Strong evidence is presented for changes in microstructure across the series, which is most likely the cause for the photocurrent enhancement.
  • Journal article
    Meager I, Ashraf RS, Mollinger S, Schroeder BC, Bronstein H, Beatrup D, Vezie MS, Kirchartz T, Salleo A, Nelson J, McCulloch Iet al., 2013,

    Photocurrent Enhancement from Diketopyrrolopyrrole Polymer Solar Cells through Alkyl-Chain Branching Point Manipulation

    , JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Vol: 135, Pages: 11537-11540, ISSN: 0002-7863
  • Journal article
    Vithanage DA, Devizis A, Abramavicius V, Infahsaeng Y, Abramavicius D, MacKenzie RCI, Keivanidis PE, Yartsev A, Hertel D, Nelson J, Sundstrom V, Gulbinas Vet al., 2013,

    Visualizing charge separation in bulk heterojunction organic solar cells

    , NATURE COMMUNICATIONS, Vol: 4, ISSN: 2041-1723
  • Journal article
    Maddison JR, Cotter CJ, Farrell PE, 2013,

    Geostrophic balance preserving interpolation in mesh adaptive linearised shallow-water ocean modelling (vol 37, pg 35, 2011)

    , OCEAN MODELLING, Vol: 68, Pages: 106-106, ISSN: 1463-5003
  • Journal article
    Raaschou-Nielsen O, Andersen ZJ, Beelen R, Samoli E, Stafoggia M, Weinmayr G, Hoffmann B, Fischer P, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Brunekreef B, Xun WW, Katsouyanni K, Dimakopoulou K, Sommar J, Forsberg B, Modig L, Oudin A, Oftedal B, Schwarze PE, Nafstad P, De Faire U, Pedersen NL, Ostenson C-G, Fratiglioni L, Penell J, Korek M, Pershagen G, Eriksen KT, Sorensen M, Tjonneland A, Ellermann T, Eeftens M, Peeters PH, Meliefste K, Wang M, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, Key TJ, de Hoogh K, Concin H, Nagel G, Vilier A, Grioni S, Krogh V, Tsai M-Y, Ricceri F, Sacerdote C, Galassi C, Migliore E, Ranzi A, Cesaroni G, Badaloni C, Forastiere F, Tamayo I, Amiano P, Dorronsoro M, Trichopoulou A, Bamia C, Vineis P, Hoek Get al., 2013,

    Air pollution and lung cancer incidence in 17 European cohorts: prospective analyses from the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE)

    , LANCET ONCOLOGY, Vol: 14, Pages: 813-822, ISSN: 1470-2045
  • Journal article
    Lorf C, Martinez-Botas RF, Howey DA, Lytton L, Cussons Bet al., 2013,

    Comparative analysis of the energy consumption and CO2 emissions of 40 electric, plug-in hybrid electric, hybrid electric and internal combustion engine vehicles

    , TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART D-TRANSPORT AND ENVIRONMENT, Vol: 23, Pages: 12-19, ISSN: 1361-9209
  • Journal article
    Lakeman-Fraser P, Ewers RM, 2013,

    Enemy release promotes range expansion in a host plant

    , OECOLOGIA, Vol: 172, Pages: 1203-1212, ISSN: 0029-8549
  • Journal article
    Ramesh NI, Thayakaran R, Onof C, 2013,

    Multi-site doubly stochastic Poisson process models for fine-scale rainfall

    , STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND RISK ASSESSMENT, Vol: 27, Pages: 1383-1396, ISSN: 1436-3240
  • Journal article
    Waylen KA, Fischer A, McGowan PJK, Milner-Gulland EJet al., 2013,

    Deconstructing Community for Conservation: Why Simple Assumptions are Not Sufficient

    , HUMAN ECOLOGY, Vol: 41, Pages: 575-585, ISSN: 0300-7839
  • Journal article
    Waterman S, Hoskins BJ, 2013,

    Eddy Shape, Orientation, Propagation, and Mean Flow Feedback in Western Boundary Current Jets

    , JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY, Vol: 43, Pages: 1666-1690, ISSN: 0022-3670
  • Journal article
    Maher RC, Duboviks V, Offer GJ, Kishimoto M, Brandon NP, Cohen LFet al., 2013,

    Raman Spectroscopy of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Technique Overview and Application to Carbon Deposition Analysis

    , FUEL CELLS, Vol: 13, Pages: 455-469, ISSN: 1615-6846
  • Journal article
    Gambhir A, Schulz N, Napp T, Tong D, Munuera L, Faist M, Riahi Ket al., 2013,

    A hybrid modelling approach to develop scenarios for China's carbon dioxide emissions to 2050

    , Energy Policy, Vol: 59, Pages: 614-632, ISSN: 0301-4215
  • Report
    Haydock H, Napp TA, 2013,

    Decarbonisation of heat in industry - A review of the research evidence

    , Ricardo-AEA/R/ED58571
  • Journal article
    Cook CP, van de Flierdt T, Williams T, Hemming SR, Iwai M, Kobayashi M, Jimenez-Espejo F, Escutia C, Gonzalez JJ, Khim B-K, McKay R, Passchier S, Bohaty SM, Riesselman C, Tauxe L, Sugisaki S, Galindo AL, Patterson MO, Sangiorgi F, Pierce EL, Brinkhuis B, Expedition 318 Scientistset al., 2013,

    Dynamic behaviour of the East Antarctic ice sheet during Pliocene warmth

    , Nature Geoscience
  • Journal article
    Sookhak Lari K, Reeuwijk M, Maksimović Č, 2013,

    The role of geometry in rough wall turbulent mass transfer

    , Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol: 49, Pages: 1191-1203, ISSN: 0947-7411

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