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Journal articleHughes N, Strachan N, Gross R, 2013,
The structure of uncertainty in future low carbon pathways
, Energy Policy, Vol: 52, Pages: 45-54, ISSN: 0301-4215Low carbon scenario and transition pathway analysis involves the consideration of uncertainties around future technological and social changes. This paper argues that uncertainty can be better understood, and the strategic and policy effectiveness of scenarios or pathways thereby improved, through a systematic categorisation of the different kinds of certain and uncertain elements of which the future is comprised. To achieve this, this paper makes two novel methodological contributions. First it proposes a system conceptualisation which is based on a detailed description of the dynamics of the actors and institutions relevant to the system under study, iteratively linked to a detailed representation of the technological system. Second, it argues that as a result of developing this actor-based low carbon scenarios approach it is possible to characterise future elements of the system as either pre-determined, actor contingent or non-actor contingent. An outline scenario approach is presented, based on these two contributions. It emerges that the different categories of future element are associated with different types of uncertainty and each prompt different strategic policy responses. This categorisation of future elements therefore clarifies the relationship of scenario content to specific types of policy response, and thus improves the policy tractability of resulting scenarios.
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Conference paperCicciotti M, Geist S, Schild A, et al., 2013,
Systematic one zone meanline modelling of centrifugal compressors for industrial online applications
, ASME Turbo Expo 2013, San Antonio, Texas, June 3-7 2013, paper GT2013/95821For developing model-based online applications such as condition monitoring and condition-based maintenance or real-time optimization, highly representative and yet simple physical models of centrifugal compressors are necessary. Previous investigations have shown that in this context meanline models represent a valid alternative to the commonly used empirical based modelling methodologies such as polynomial regression models or artificial neural networks. This paper provides a methodology for tailoring meanline models to multistage centrifugal compressors by appropriate selection and adaptation of loss correlations. Guidelines for the selection of the boundary conditions are also provided. The potential of the methodology is demonstrated in the Proof-of-concept section using two sets of data obtained from an air multistage centrifugal compressor operated in BASF SE, Ludwigshafen, Germany. The first set of data was used to calibrate the model whereas the second one was used for validation. The model results show that the predictions of stagnation temperature and pressure at the outlet of the stage deviate from the measurements respectively 0.15-3% and of 0.66-1.1% respectively. The results are discussed in the current paper. Copyright © 2013 by ASME.
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Journal articleHassan MHA, Johnson HD, Allison PA, et al., 2013,
Sedimentology and stratigraphic development of the upper Nyalu Formation (Early Miocence), Sarawak, Malaysia: A mixed wave and tide influenced coastal system
, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences -
Journal articleHayes-Labruto L, Schillebeeckx SJD, Workman M, et al., 2013,
Contrasting Perspectives on China's Rare Earth Policies: Reframing the Debate through a Stakeholder Lens
, Energy PolicyThis article critically compares China’s rare earth policy with perspectives upheld in the rest of the world (ROW). We introduce rare earth elements and their importance for energy and present how China and the ROW are framing the policy debate. We find strongly dissonant views with regards to motives for foreign direct investment, China’s two-tiered pricing structure and its questionable innovation potential. Using the metaphor of “China Inc.”, we compare the Chinese government to a socially responsible corporation that aims to balance the needs of its internal stakeholders with the demands from a resource-dependent world. We find that China’s internal stakeholders have more power and legitimacy in the REE debate than the ROW and reconceptualise various possible mitigation strategies that could change current international policy and market dynamics. As such, we aim to reframe the perspectives that seem to govern the West and argue in favour of policy formation that explicitly acknowledges China’s triple bottom line ambitions and encourages the ROW to engage with China in a more nuanced manner.
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Journal articleAllen PA, Armitage JJ, Carter A, et al., 2013,
The Qs problem: Sediment volumetric balance of proximal foreland basin systems
, SEDIMENTOLOGY, Vol: 60, Pages: 102-130 -
Book chapterMumford JD, Carrasco LR, 2013,
Economics of Transgenic Insects for Field Release
, Transgenic Insects, Editors: Benedict, United Kingdom, Publisher: CABI -
Book chapterReich S, Cotter CJ, 2013,
Ensemble filter techniques for intermittent data assimilation
, Large Scale Inverse Problems. Computational Methods and Applications in the Earth Sciences, Editors: Cullen, Freitag, Kindermann, Scheichl, Publisher: Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, Pages: 1-46 -
Journal articleJones GA, Kendall J-M, Bastow ID, et al., 2013,
On locating microseismic events using borehole data
, Geophysical Prospecting, Pages: 1-16 -
Conference paperBertolli C, Betts A, Mudalige GR, et al., 2013,
Compiler optimizations for industrial unstructured mesh CFD applications on GPUs
, International Workshop on Languages and Compilers for Parallel Computing (LCPC), Publisher: Springer, Pages: 112-126 -
Book chapterWaterman RJ, Klooster MR, Hentrich H, et al., 2013,
Species interactions of mycoheterotrophic plants: specialization and its potential consequences.
, Mycoheterotrophy, Editors: Merckx, New York, Publisher: Springer, Pages: 267-296, ISBN: 978-1-4614-5209-6 -
Book chapterGennaioli C, Martin R, Muuls M, 2013,
Using micro data to examine causal effects of climate policy
, Handbook on Energy and Climate Change -
Journal articleArmitage JJ, Dunkley Jones T, Duller RA, et al., 2013,
Temporal buffering of climate-driven sediment flux cycles by transient catchment response
, EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS, Vol: 369-370, Pages: 200-210 -
Journal articleJackson CA-L, Chua ST, Bell RE, et al., 2013,
Structural style and early stage growth of inversion structures: 3D seismic insights from the Egersund Basin, offshore Norway
, Journal of Structural Geology, Vol: 46, Pages: 167-185 -
Journal articleDamerell P, Howe C, Milner-Gulland EJ, 2013,
Child-orientated environmental education influences adult knowledge and household behaviour
, Environmental Research Letters, Vol: 8 -
Journal articleJacobs CT, Collins GS, Piggott MD, et al., 2013,
Multiphase flow modelling of volcanic ash particle settling in water using adaptive unstructured meshes
, Geophysical Journal International, Vol: 192, Pages: 647-665Small-scale experiments of volcanic ash particle settling in water have demonstrated that ash particles can either settle slowly and individually, or rapidly and collectively as a gravitationally unstable ash-laden plume. This has important implications for the emplacement of tephra deposits on the seabed. Numerical modelling has the potential to extend the results of laboratory experiments to larger scales and explore the conditions under which plumes may form and persist, but many existing models are computationally restricted by the fixed mesh approaches that they employ. In contrast, this paper presents a new multiphase flow model that uses an adaptive unstructured mesh approach. As a simulation progresses, the mesh is optimized to focus numerical resolution in areas important to the dynamics and decrease it where it is not needed, thereby potentially reducing computational requirements. Model verification is performed using the method of manufactured solutions, which shows the correct solution convergence rates. Model validation and application considers 2-D simulations of plume formation in a water tank which replicate published laboratory experiments. The numerically predicted settling velocities for both individual particles and plumes, as well as instability behaviour, agree well with experimental data and observations. Plume settling is clearly hindered by the presence of a salinity gradient, and its influence must therefore be taken into account when considering particles in bodies of saline water. Furthermore, individual particles settle in the laminar flow regime while plume settling is shown (by plume Reynolds numbers greater than unity) to be in the turbulent flow regime, which has a significant impact on entrainment and settling rates. Mesh adaptivity maintains solution accuracy while providing a substantial reduction in computational requirements when compared to the same simulation performed using a fixed mesh, highlighting the benefits of an adapt
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Conference paperVire A, Xiang J, Piggott M, et al., 2013,
Numerical Modelling of Fluid-structure Interactions for Floating Wind Turbine Foundations
, Twenty-third International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, Pages: 377-382The aim of this study is to model the interactions between fluids and solids using fully nonlinear models. Non-linearity is important in the context of floating wind turbines, for example, to model breaking waves impacting on the structure and the effect of the solid’s elasticity. In this work, the fluid- and solid-dynamics equations are solved using separate finite-element models, which are coupled at every time step. This enables the mutual interactions between fluids and moving solids to be modelled. Importantly, the coupling algorithm ensures that the action-reaction principle is satisfied at a discrete level, independently of the order of representation of the discrete fields in each model. To the authors’ knowledge, the present algorithm is novel in that it can simultaneously handle (i) non-matching fluid and solid meshes, (ii) different polynomial orders of the basis functions on each mesh, and (iii) different fluid and solid time steps. Results are shown for: (i) a bottom-mounted pile subjected to small-amplitude waves in a numerical wave tank, and (ii) a truncated pile floating at an interface between air and water.
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Book chapterSlade R, Bauen A, 2013,
Biomass use on a global scale
, Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, Publisher: Springer -
Book chapterSt John FAV, Keane AM, Milner-Gulland EJ, 2013,
Effective conservation depends on understanding human behaviour
, Key Topics in Conservation Biology 2, Editors: Macdonald, Willis, Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, ISBN: 978-0-470-65875-8 -
Conference paperBell RE, Jackson CA-L, Elliott G, et al., 2013,
Reconstructing rift geometry to gain insights into major unconformity development associated with Late Jurassic rifting in the Halten Terrace, offshore Norway
, 30th IAS Meeting of Sedimentology -
Journal articlePapworth S, Milner-Gulland EJ, Slocombe K, 2013,
Correction: Hunted Woolly Monkeys (Lagothrix poeppigii) Show Threat-Sensitive Responses to Human Presence.
, PLoS One, Vol: 8[This corrects the article on p. e62000 in vol. 8.].
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Conference paperReeve MT, Bell RE, Jackson CA-L, 2013,
The influence of Caledonian structures on Late Jurassic faulting offshore western Norway: new insights from 3D seismic reflection data, STUDENT ORAL PRESENTATION PRIZE WINNER
, Tectonic Studies Group Annual Meeting -
Conference paperBell RE, Jackson CA-L, Whipp PS, et al., 2013,
Quantifying the timing and magnitude of fault reactivation in the northern North Sea
, Tectonic Studies Group Annual Meeting -
Conference paperBell RE, McNeill LC, Nixon C, et al., 2013,
Basin evolution and the distribution of strain within the Gulf of Corinthrift
, EGU General Assembly -
Journal articleDarbyshire FA, Eaton DW, Bastow ID, 2013,
Seismic imaging of the lithosphere beneath Hudson Bay: Episodic growth of the Laurentian mantle keel
, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol: 373, Pages: 179-193 -
Journal articleHowe C, Milner-Gulland EJ, 2013,
Response to Cunningham, S. and King, L. (2013)
, Animal Conservation, Vol: 16, Pages: 139-140 -
Journal articleTroxler Y, Wu B, Marinescu M, et al., 2013,
The effect of thermal gradients on the performance of lithium ion batteries
, Journal of Power Sources, Pages: accepted-accepted, ISSN: 0378-7753Abstract An experimental apparatus is described, in which Peltier elements are used for thermal control of lithium-ion cells under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions, i.e. to induce and maintain thermal gradients. Lithium-ion battery packs for automotive applications consist of hundreds of cells, and depending on the pack architecture, individual cells may experience non-uniform thermal boundary conditions. This paper presents the first study of the impact of artificially induced thermal gradients on cell performance. The charge transfer resistance of a 4.8 Ah is verified to have a strong temperature dependence following the Arrhenius law. Thermal cycling of the cell, combined with slow rate cyclic voltammetry, allows to rapidly identify phase transitions in electrodes, due to the thermal effect of entropy changes. A cell with a temperature gradient maintained across is found to have a lower impedance than one held at the theoretical average temperature. This feature is attributed to details of the inner structure of the cell, and to the non-linear temperature dependence of the charge transfer resistance.
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Conference paperMarkall GR, Rathgeber F, Mitchell L, et al., 2013,
Performance-Portable Finite Element Assembly Using PyOP2 and FEniCS
, International Supercomputing Conference (ISC), Publisher: Springer, Pages: 279-289, ISSN: 0302-9743We describe a toolchain that provides a fully automated compilation pathway from a finite element domain-specific language to low-level code for multicore and GPGPU platforms. We demonstrate that the generated code exceeds the performance of the best available alternatives, without requiring manual tuning or modification of the generated code. The toolchain can easily be integrated with existing finite element solvers, providing a means to add performance portable methods without having to rebuild an entire complex implementation from scratch.
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Journal articleFerguson DJ, Maclennan J, Bastow ID, et al., 2013,
Melting during late-stage rifting in Afar is hot and deep
, Nature, Vol: 499, Pages: 70-74, ISSN: 0028-0836Investigations of a variety of continental rifts and margins worldwide have revealed that a considerable volume of melt can intrude into the crust during continental breakup(1-8), modifying its composition and thermal structure. However, it is unclear whether the cause of voluminous melt production at volcanic rifts is primarily increased mantle temperature or plate thinning(1,2,8-12). Also disputed is the extent to which plate stretching or thinning is uniform or varies with depth with the entire continental lithospheric mantle potentially being removed before plate rupture(13-16). Here we show that the extensive magmatism during rifting along the southern Red Sea rift in Afar, a unique region of sub-aerial transition from continental to oceanic rifting, is driven by deep melting of hotter-than-normal asthenosphere. Petrogenetic modelling shows that melts are predominantly generated at depths greater than 80 kilometres, implying the existence of a thick upper thermo-mechanical boundary layer in a rift system approaching the point of plate rupture. Numerical modelling of rift development shows that when breakup occurs at the slow extension rates observed in Afar, the survival of a thick plate is an inevitable consequence of conductive cooling of the lithosphere, even when the underlying asthenosphere is hot. Sustained magmatic activity during rifting in Afar thus requires persistently high mantle temperatures, which would allow melting at high pressure beneath the thick plate. If extensive plate thinning does occur during breakup it must do so abruptly at a late stage, immediately before the formation of the new ocean basin(16).
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Journal articleTodman LC, Ireson AM, Butler AP, et al., 2013,
Modelling vapor flow from a pervaporative irrigation system
, Vadose Zone Journal -
Conference paperHannon MJ, Bolton RPG, 2013,
More than just business? Local Authority engagement with the Energy Service Company (ESCo) business model and implications for UK energy system change
, Urban energy governances, North and South; International roundtable seminar
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