Publications
Many Tribology Group publications are Open Access thanks to funding from the EPSRC.
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Conference paperSpikes HA, 1986,
HELICOPTER LUBRICATION.
, Pages: 59-74Helicopter systems, and in particular helicopter transmissions, pose severe problems of lubrication and these are reflected in shorter overhaul periods and lower reliability than other, comparable systems in fixed wing aircraft. Many of these problems may be met by the introduction of new materials, such as ceramic engine bearings, flexible rotor parts, new gear steels and synthetic transmission oils. One stumbling block should, however be recognised. Helicopters, though important and irreplaceable for some applications, are not produced in large numbers and the cost of applying new technology can be prohibitive if a significant amount of development work needs to be done. Even the validation of a new material is enormously expensive, involving as it must, helicopter flying time. It is these costs, rather than the merits or availability of new materials and technologies that may be the main barrier to improvements in helicopter lubrication.
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Journal articleSpikes HA, Olver AV, Macpherson PB, 1986,
Wear in rolling contacts
, Wear, Vol: 112, Pages: 121-144, ISSN: 0043-1648 -
Journal articleDanping W, Spikes HA, 1986,
The lubricity of diesel fuels
, Wear, Vol: 111, Pages: 217-235, ISSN: 0043-1648 -
Journal articleWEBSTER MN, SAYLES RS, 1986,
A NUMERICAL-MODEL FOR THE ELASTIC FRICTIONLESS CONTACT OF REAL ROUGH SURFACES
, JOURNAL OF TRIBOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME, Vol: 108, Pages: 314-320, ISSN: 0742-4787- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 189
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Journal articleWEBSTER MN, WEST MA, SAYLES RS, 1986,
A METHOD OF 3-DIMENSIONAL TOPOGRAPHY MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS ON ARCUATE SURFACES
, WEAR, Vol: 109, Pages: 385-399, ISSN: 0043-1648- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 4
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Journal articleLacey IN, Kelsall GH, Spikes HA, et al., 1986,
Thick Antiwear Films in Elastohydrodynamic Contacts. Part II: Chemical Nature of the Deposited Films
, A S L E Transactions, Vol: 29, Pages: 306-311, ISSN: 0569-8197 -
Journal articleOlver AV, Spikes HA, Bower AF, et al., 1986,
The residual stress distribution in a plastically deformed model asperity
, Wear, Vol: 107, Pages: 151-174, ISSN: 0043-1648 -
Journal articleLacey IN, Kelsall GH, Spikes HA, et al., 1986,
Thick Antiwear Films in Elastohydrodynamic Contacts. Part I: Film Growth in Rolling/Sliding EHD Contacts
, A S L E Transactions, Vol: 29, Pages: 299-305, ISSN: 0569-8197 -
Journal articleSpikes HA, 1986,
Future helicopter transmission oils
, Journal of Synthetic Lubrication, Vol: 3, Pages: 181-208, ISSN: 0265-6582 -
Conference paperOlver AV, Spikes HA, MacPherson PB, 1985,
WEAR IN ROLLING CONTACTS.
, Pages: 254-272, ISSN: 0192-4990Unexpectedly high, uniform rates of wear occur from time to time in concentrated, lubricated, rolling contacts having low slide-roll ratios. Such wear can occur under quite mild conditions and this poses a significant practical problem, especially in gears. This phenomenon of high wear rate at low slide-roll ratio has been reproduced consistently and studied in the laboratory using a disc machine. The outcome of this study is reported. It is shown that the wear is caused by plastic deformation, fatigue cracking, ductile extrusion and fracture on a scale associated with asperity contact.
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Journal articleSpikes HA, Cann P, Caporiccio G, 1984,
Elastohydrodynamic film thickness measurements of perfluoropolyether fluids
, Journal of Synthetic Lubrication, Vol: 1, Pages: 73-86, ISSN: 0265-6582 -
Conference paperCann P, Spikes H, 1984,
DETERMINATION OF OIL FILMS ON LUBRICATED SURFACES.
, Pages: 79-82It is often important in Tribology to be able to determine the thickness of lubricant on surfaces before and after rubbing. This paper describes a method of measuring oil film thickness in the range 20-1000nm using reflection infrared spectroscopy. Results for some practical applications are included and their implications are discussed.
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Journal articleWan GTY, Kenny P, Spikes HA, 1984,
Elastohydrodynamic properties of water-based fire-resistant hydraulic fluids
, Tribology International, Vol: 17, Pages: 309-315, ISSN: 0301-679XThe elastohydrodynamic (ehd) lubricating properties of commercial fire-resistant hydraulic fluids in rolling point contacts are described. Earlier work is reviewed and new work presented on water-in-oil and oil-in-water emulsions. It is shown that in general, elastohydrodynamic film thicknesses of water-in-oil emulsions are close to those of their base oils. For very fine particle size emulsions, however, thicker films are observed. Commercial oil-in-water emulsions in fully flooded conditions have not been found to give measurable elastohydrodynamic films. However, when the emulsions are destabilized, a localized pool of oil collects in the contact zone which enables ehd films to form, though these films do not survive very high rolling speeds. Polyglycol solutions give low ehd film thicknesses, approximately one third those of mineral oils of corresponding viscosity. This can be attributed to the low pressure-viscosity coefficient of these solutions. © 1984.
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Journal articleWan GTY, Spikes HA, 1984,
The elastohydrodynamic lubricating properties of water-polyglycol fire-resistant fluids
, ASLE Transactions, Vol: 27, Pages: 366-372, ISSN: 0569-8197Commercial aqueous polyglycol hydraulic fluids are found to give very low elastohydrodynamic film thicknesses. By studying mixtures of polyglycol, monoglycol, and water, it is shown that this is became the pressure-viscosity coefficients of polyglycol and monoglycol fall very sharply when they are mixed together or when water is added. Over the polyglycol, monoglycol, water mixture range, pressure-viscosity coefficient appears to be inversely related to free volume. Presented as an American Society of Lubrication Engineers paper at the ASLE/ASME Lubrication Conference in Hartford, Connecticut, October 18–20, 1983. © 1984 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
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Journal articleCANN P, CAMERON A, 1984,
STUDIES OF THICK BOUNDARY LUBRICATION - INFLUENCE OF ZD DP AND OXIDIZED HEXADECANE
, TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Vol: 17, Pages: 205-208, ISSN: 0301-679X- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 10
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Journal articleHARRIES CJ, WEBSTER M, SAYLES RS, et al., 1983,
BI-MODAL FAILURE MECHANISMS IN TRIBOLOGICAL COMPONENTS
, RELIABILITY ENGINEERING & SYSTEM SAFETY, Vol: 4, Pages: 169-180, ISSN: 0951-8320 -
Journal articleSAYLES RS, 1983,
THE USE OF DISCRIMINANT FUNCTION TECHNIQUES IN RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT AND DATA CLASSIFICATION
, RELIABILITY ENGINEERING & SYSTEM SAFETY, Vol: 6, Pages: 103-124, ISSN: 0951-8320 -
Journal articleSAYLES RS, MOSS TR, DANIELS BK, 1983,
DISCRIMINANT FUNCTION-ANALYSIS OF TURBOGENERATOR DATA
, RELIABILITY ENGINEERING & SYSTEM SAFETY, Vol: 6, Pages: 83-102, ISSN: 0951-8320 -
Journal articleCann P, Spikes HA, Cameron A, 1983,
Thick Film Formation by Zinc Dialkyldithiophosphates
, A S L E Transactions, Vol: 26, Pages: 48-52, ISSN: 0569-8197 -
Journal articleStinton HC, Spikes HA, Cameron A, 1982,
A study of friction polymer formation
, ASLE Transactions, Vol: 25, Pages: 355-360, ISSN: 0569-8197Surfactant solutions in hexadecane have been studied to assess their capabilities in forming friction polymer. Only alcohols form adherent films, resistant to simple washing, on rubbing surfaces. There is no evidence of polymer formation on rubbed surfaces, even with mixtures of diacids and diols. © 1982 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
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Journal articleSAYLES RS, POON SY, 1981,
SURFACE-TOPOGRAPHY AND ROLLING ELEMENT VIBRATION
, PRECISION ENGINEERING-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR PRECISION ENGINEERING, Vol: 3, Pages: 137-144, ISSN: 0141-6359- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 28
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Journal articleSAYLES RS, DESILVA GMS, LEATHER JA, et al., 1981,
ELASTIC CONFORMITY IN HERTZIAN CONTACTS
, TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Vol: 14, Pages: 315-322, ISSN: 0301-679X- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 8
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Journal articleHILEY RW, SPIKES HA, CAMERON A, 1981,
POLYSULFIDES AS EXTREME-PRESSURE LUBRICANT ADDITIVES
, LUBRICATION ENGINEERING, Vol: 37, Pages: 732-737, ISSN: 0024-7154- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 12
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Journal articleSpikes HA, Hammond CJ, 1981,
The Elastohydrodynamic Film Thicknesses of Binary Ester-Ether Mixtures
, A S L E Transactions, Vol: 24, Pages: 542-548, ISSN: 0569-8197 -
Journal articleNewley RA, Spikes HA, Macpherson PB, 1980,
Oxidative Wear in Lubricated Contact
, Journal of Lubrication Technology, Vol: 102, Pages: 539-544, ISSN: 0022-2305<jats:p>Lubricant antioxidant additives are known to reduce fretting wear. Wear tests have been carried out in association with chemical analyses of the test lubricant to elucidate the mechanism of oxidative wear. It is shown that the rate of wear is not directly related to the concentration in the lubricant of either acids or peroxides. It is proposed that the metal is oxidized by reacting with peroxy radicals which form as intermediates as the lubricant is oxidized. The reduction of wear in the presence of antioxidants is a result of the elimination of these radicals by the additive.</jats:p>
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Journal articleTHOMAS TR, SAYLES RS, HASLOCK I, 1980,
HUMAN JOINT PERFORMANCE AND THE ROUGHNESS OF ARTICULAR-CARTILAGE
, JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICAL ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME, Vol: 102, Pages: 50-56, ISSN: 0148-0731- Author Web Link
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- Citations: 4
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Journal articleHamaguchi H, Spikes HA, Cameron A, 1977,
Elastohydrodynamic properties of water in oil emulsions
, Wear, Vol: 43, Pages: 17-24, ISSN: 0043-1648 -
Journal article, 1974,
A comparison of adsorption and boundary lubricant failure
, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Vol: 336, Pages: 407-419, ISSN: 0080-4630<jats:p>A comparison has been made between the reversible adsorption and the friction-reducing properties of long-chain fatty amines on stainless steel. This has shown that adsorption and lubricant failure depend on concentration of amine and temperature in a similar way. Breakdown of lubrication may therefore be associated with reversible desorption of amines from steel surfaces. Measurement of the adsorption properties of the fatty amines indicates a lowering of the isosteric heat of adsorption at low temperatures, which may result from ‘pre-freezing’ of the hydrocarbon solvent.</jats:p>
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Journal articleSpikes HA, Cameron A, 1974,
Additive Interference in Dibenzyl Disulfide Extreme Pressure Lubrication
, A S L E Transactions, Vol: 17, Pages: 283-289, ISSN: 0569-8197 -
Journal articleSpikes HA, Cameron A, 1974,
Scuffing as a Desorption Process—An Explanation of the Borsoff Effect
, A S L E Transactions, Vol: 17, Pages: 92-96, ISSN: 0569-8197
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