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@article{Bates:2012:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2011.01469.x,
author = {Bates, KT and Maidment, SCR and Allen, V and Barrett, PM},
doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7580.2011.01469.x},
journal = {J Anat},
pages = {212--232},
title = {Computational modelling of locomotor muscle moment arms in the basal dinosaur Lesothosaurus diagnosticus: assessing convergence between birds and basal ornithischians.},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7580.2011.01469.x},
volume = {220},
year = {2012}
}
TY - JOUR
AB - Ornithischia (the 'bird-hipped' dinosaurs) encompasses bipedal, facultative quadrupedal and quadrupedal taxa. Primitive ornithischians were small bipeds, but large body size and obligate quadrupedality evolved independently in all major ornithischian lineages. Numerous pelvic and hind limb features distinguish ornithischians from the majority of other non-avian dinosaurs. However, some of these features, notably a retroverted pubis and elongate iliac preacetabular process, appeared convergently in maniraptoran theropods, and were inherited by their avian descendants. During maniraptoran/avian evolution these pelvic modifications led to significant changes in the functions of associated muscles, involving alterations to the moment arms and the activation patterns of pelvic musculature. However, the functions of these features in ornithischians and their influence on locomotion have not been tested and remain poorly understood. Here, we provide quantitative tests of bipedal ornithischian muscle function using computational modelling to estimate 3D hind limb moment arms for the most complete basal ornithischian, Lesothosaurus diagnosticus. This approach enables sensitivity analyses to be carried out to explore the effects of uncertainties in muscle reconstructions of extinct taxa, and allows direct comparisons to be made with similarly constructed models of other bipedal dinosaurs. This analysis supports some previously proposed qualitative inferences of muscle function in basal ornithischians. However, more importantly, this work highlights ambiguities in the roles of certain muscles, notably those inserting close to the hip joint. Comparative analysis reveals that moment arm polarities and magnitudes in Lesothosaurus, basal tetanuran theropods and the extant ostrich are generally similar. However, several key differences are identified, most significantly in comparisons between the moment arms of muscles associated with convergent osteological features in ornithischi
AU - Bates,KT
AU - Maidment,SCR
AU - Allen,V
AU - Barrett,PM
DO - 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2011.01469.x
EP - 232
PY - 2012///
SP - 212
TI - Computational modelling of locomotor muscle moment arms in the basal dinosaur Lesothosaurus diagnosticus: assessing convergence between birds and basal ornithischians.
T2 - J Anat
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7580.2011.01469.x
UR - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22211275
VL - 220
ER -